OF THE FAMILY COCCJ DAE 31 



veins are not visibly connected. At the base of the wing, near the anterior margin, 

 an elongate sclerite forms the costal complex of veins (Text-fig. 1 ; 18, N ; ccx). 

 The proximal part of the sclerite is pointed and articulates with the anterior notal 

 wing process. Near the base an anterior extension is found which curves ventrally 

 (see Text-fig. 18, N) to articulate with the pleural wing process. A small number of 

 hair-like alar setae (as) are found in the anterior part of the base of the wing in 

 E. tiliae, N. abietis, R. spiraeae and Ctenochiton sp. (Text-figs. 2, 4, 8, 16). Their 

 number does not exceed 3 ; they are sometimes absent on one of the two wings. 



The hind wings are either absent (P. myrtilli , S. prunastri, the ERIOPELTIS, 

 INGLISIA and COCCUS groups ; Text-figs. 12, 22-43) or reduced to halter es (h) 

 (most of the EULECANIUM group). The anterior half of the haltere is weakly 

 sclerotized and near the base the anterior margin is strengthened by a ridge, which 

 resembles a wing vein. At the apex each haltere carries at least one long seta, but 

 in E. tiliae, N. abietis, R. spiraeae, P. piceae and E. pela (Text-figs. 2-9) three or four 

 may be present. These setae are curved apically and hook on to the alar lobe. 

 It is worthy of note that the halteres of Margarodes (see Theron, 1958) resemble the 

 hind wings of certain Aphididae, e.g. Anomalaphis comperi and Microparsus 

 variabilis (see Baker, 1920) to a considerable degree, presumably through con- 

 vergence. The halteres were called " pseudohaltcres " by Kawecki (1958b), and 

 recently (1964) he suggested the term " hamulohalterae " for these structures. 



Legs 



The three pairs of legs are very similar, long and slender, and composed of the 

 usual segments, with a one-segmented tarsus and a single claw. The fore legs are 

 usually the shortest and the hind legs the longest, but conditions vary and there 

 are species in which the hind or the middle legs are the shortest. All the segments 

 of the leg are well sclerotized and all except the claw are covered with numerous 

 fleshy (is) and hair-like (hs) setae, although the fleshy ones are sometimes absent on 

 the tarsus (Genus A and E. Pfestucae). They are not arranged into groups, but 

 scattered over the whole surface of the segment. These setae are similar to those 

 occurring elsewhere on the body. Conforming with the conditions on the antennae, 

 the fleshy setae of E. pela are very long, from 3 to 5 times as long as the width of the 

 tibia, and in Genus A they are very short, about f as long as the width of the tibia ; 

 in the other species they are slightly longer than the width of the tibia. In E. 

 tiliae the fleshy setae are very thin and it is difficult to distinguish them with 

 certainty from the hair-like setae. The hair-like setae are very similar in all 

 the species studied and are usually a little longer than the width of the tibia. Dis- 

 tinctly different setae occur on the inner margin of the anterior coxae of some 

 species. They are large, rigid, sometimes capitate, with the setal membrane sur- 

 rounded by a distinct basal ring ; they are here called coxal bristles (cb), and are 

 probably sensory in nature. A pair of tarsal digitides (tdgt), i.e. long, capitate 

 setae, is present near the dorsal apex of each tarsus and two smaller ungual digitides 

 (udgt) occur on each claw. 



