3 o MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



(iii) A ntemetaspiracular setae (ams) , which are found immediately anterior to the 

 metaspiracle and consist entirely of fleshy setae (up to 12). They are present only 

 in the INGLISIA and COCCUS groups." 



(iv) Postmetaspiracular setae (eps 3 s), which occur in the pleural region posterior to 

 the metaspiracle, partly on the metepisternum, and may extend ventrally towards 

 the metasternum without reaching it. The fleshy setae are generally numerous in 

 the COCCUS group (up to 35 in P. corni), but few in the other groups and absent in 

 some species of the EULECANIUM group (e.g. E. tiliae). The hair-like setae 

 occur irregularly and in small numbers (0-3), but in E. pela they are always present 

 (4-8, average 5 "6). 



(v) Anterior metasternal setae (amss), situated in the membranous area between 

 the meso- and metasternal plates. Fleshy setae are present in the ERIOPELTIS, 

 INGLISIA and COCCUS groups (Text-figs. 24, 43) and in S. prunastri (Text-fig. 22) 

 of the EULECANIUM group. Their number varies from 8-17 (average 12) in 

 E. Pfestucae to 74-94 (average 86) in P. corni. A few hair-like setae are present in 

 some individuals of most species. 



(vi) Posterior metasternal setae (pmss), occurring on the metasternal plate, or in 

 the area normally occupied by this sclerite. Fleshy setae are found in the ERIO- 

 PELTIS, INGLISIA and COCCUS groups (Text-figs. 24-43) where their number 

 varies from 5-16 (average 8) in /. theobromae to 31-60 (average 42) in P. corni. In 

 S. prunastri (EULECANIUM group) up to 3 fleshy setae may be present in some 

 individuals, but are absent in others. A few hair-like setae (up to 3) may be present 

 in some individuals of a number of species. 



In Ctenochiton sp. 3-1 1 (average 6-3) circular pores, somewhat reminiscent of 

 vacant hair sockets, occur near the metatergal seta on each side. 



Wings and Halteres 



The fore wings are large, with a narrow basal part and a broadly rounded apex. 

 They may be relatively short and broad, i.e. the length 1-9-2-3 times the width 

 (e.g. the COCCUS group), or long and narrow, i.e. the length 2-8-3-3 times the 

 width (e.g. the ERIOPELTIS group, Text-figs. 24, 26, 27). Posteriorly, near the 

 base, a small pouch or alar lobe (al) (Stickney, 1934b) is formed by the dilation of 

 the margin of the wing. It is ventrally invaginated and provides a receptacle for 

 the hooked distal ends of the apical setae of the haltere. When the haltere is lacking 

 the alar lobe is absent. 



The wing is semitransparent, although in some species, e.g. P. bituberculatum, the 

 area between the anterior margin and the first wing vein has a purplish tinge. 

 The surface of the wing is covered with minute hairs (microtrichia), with those on 

 the margins somewhat longer than elsewhere. Only two distinct veins are present. 

 Patch (1909) suggested that corresponding veins in the Pseudococcidae represent 

 the radius (rad) and media (med) ; these veins were also called radius and " medius 

 + subcosta " by Durr (1954), but the last mentioned designation is obviously in- 

 correct. The radius runs parallel to the anterior margin of the wing, the media 

 deflects towards the hind margin. As in the Pseudococcidae (Patch, 1909) the two 



