OF THE FAMILY COCCI DAE 19 



they may be entirely absent in some individuals. The additional fleshy setae occur 

 only in the ERIOPELTIS, COCCUS and INGLISIA groups (Text-figs. 24-43) and 

 here in rather large numbers, varying from 9-16 (average 12) in Eriopeltis sp. to 

 54-108 (average 84) in Pulvinaria Pribesiae. 



(iv) Genal setae (gs), which are found on the genae and are only present in the 

 COCCUS and INGLISIA groups (Text-figs. 29-43). They consist of both fleshy 

 and hair-like setae. The number of hair-like setae is usually small, varying from 

 0-4 (average 1-2) in /. theobromae to 7-13 (average 9) in P. conii, and the number 

 of fleshy setae large, varying from 5-1 1 (average 7) in /. theobromae to 17-30 (average 

 23) in P. corni. 



No other dermal structures, like disc pores or specialized sensilla are present on 

 the head. 



A ntennae 



All the workers that have studied the head of male Coccidae mention the antennae, 

 but their descriptions are very brief and usually cover little more than the number 

 of segments and the general shape of the antennae 



The antennae are inserted fairly low down on the anterolateral margin of the 

 head with the diverging lateral arms of the niidcranial ridge between them. They 

 are generally filiform in shape and normally comprise ten segments, but sometimes 

 two or more of the segments between the 4th and 9th are intimately fused. The 

 relative length of the antennae varies considerably within the family. They are 

 very long in the ERIOPELTIS group, being about §-£ as long as the body in 

 Eriopeltis sp., and short in the COCCUS group, being usually less than half as long 

 as the body. The antennae with the shortest relative length are found in /:. tiliae 

 (EULECANIUM group) where they are J-f as long as the body. The average 

 absolute length varies from 622 [i in C. berliniae to 1922 \i in E. pela. 



The antennae always carry a large number of setae, which give them a " hairy " 

 appearance. The setae consist of both fleshy and hair-like ones, similar to those 

 occurring on the head. The fleshy setae (fs) appear usually only on the 2nd to 10th 

 segments, but in E. pela they occur regularly on the 1st segment as well. They 

 are usually slightly longer than the width of the antennal segments, although a few 

 on the distal part of the 4th to 9th segments may be considerably shorter. In 



E. pela, however, the fleshy setae are exceptionally long, being about 4-5 times as 

 long as the width of the 3rd segment, and in Genus A they are very short and stout, 

 and only about half as long as the width of the 3rd segment. The hair-like setae (hs) 

 are always present on the first two segments and in a number of species (e.g. E. tiliae, 



F. viburni, Genus A, Text-figs. 2, 14, 20 ; F) also on the 3rd, but only in F. viburni 

 and Genus A do they occur regularly on the 4th to 10th segments. In addition to 

 the fleshy and hair-like setae two different types of setae are found on the distal 

 segments. The setae of one of them somewhat resemble the ordinary fleshy setae, 

 but are usually much larger, bristle-like and have a large setal membrane ; they 

 can be called antennal bristles (ab). On the 10th segment there also occur the long, 



