106 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



cylindrical ; lengths of these segments (in jj.) 1 10-133 (average 122), 95-133 (average 114), 

 87-118 (average 106), 80-122 (average 94), 57-72 (average 66) and 53-65 (average 59) respec- 

 tively, widths varying from 21-29 V-, with distal segments slightly wider than proximal ones ; 

 with 19-31 (average 25), 23-36 (average 29), 20-35 (average 27), 21-27 (average 24), 17-25 

 (average 22) and 14-21 (average 17) f.s. respectively, but no h.s. ; antennal bristles on segments 

 VIII-IX distinctly larger than f.s. Segment X : terminal part not constricted ; 53-68 

 (average 59) pi long and 22-29 (average 23) jx wide ; carrying 6-13 (average 10) f.s., 3 capitate 

 subapical setae and 5 antennal bristles of which the 3 long ones are about f as long as the segment 

 and the 2 shorter ones about \ as long as the f.s. ; with two sensilla basiconica ventrally, one 

 near apex and the other more proximal. 



Thorax 635-741 (average 687) pi long. 



Prothorax. Pronotal ridge strong, but medially interrupted by weak sclerotization. Lateral 

 pronotal sclerites small, without setae. Medial pronotal setae and pores absent. Post-tergites 

 medium-sized, with irregular wavy striations and usually with some 0-7, (average 3-9) fleshv 

 post-tergital setae occurring on or behind the sclerite on each side. Pleural structures typical of 

 family. Sternum with strong transverse ridge, weak and interrupted median ridge, and a small 

 triangular sclerite. Anteprosternal setae : 2-7 (average 3-6) f.s. on each side ; prosternal 

 setae : 7-19 (average 14) f.s. and occasionally one h.s., scattered over the sternal area and 

 spreading into the area anterior to the spiracles. 



Mesothorax. Mesoprepkragma with shallow emargination. Presculum about if times as 

 wide as long (average 218 y. and 1 19 pt respectively) ; anterior margin strongly curved ; laterally 

 bounded by the prescutal ridges and posteriorly by the prescutal suture ; slightly more heavily 

 sclerotized medially ; showing polygonal reticulation, which sometimes tends to be irregular. 

 Scutum. Median membranous area subrectangular ; 99-139 (average 124) u. long and 153- 

 2-04 (average 1-76) times as wide (width 201-228, average 212 pi) ; with 6-20 (average 14) 

 h.s. and rarely 2 f.s. Scutellum 65-72 (average 69) pi long and 213-247 (average 231) pi wide, 

 ratio being 1 : 3-0-3-8 (average 3-4) ; tubular, with moderately large ventral foramen ; 

 without setae. Postnotum with anterior margin irregular, weakly sclerotized and either exposed 

 or partly overlapped by metathoracic fold ; poslnotal apophysis and postalare well developed, 

 the latter densely reticulated distally and without setae. Mesopostphragma with deep emargina- 

 tion. Mesopleuron. Mesopleural ridge strong, not interrupted above coxal articulation ; 

 pleural apophysis and pleural wing process well developed. Basalare vestigial, incorporated 

 into pleural wing process, not joining the latter with episternum. Subalare small. Episternum 

 usually showing weak polygonal reticulation dorsally ; subepisternal ridge well developed, but 

 below membranous cleft indistinct and only marked by a band of dark sclerotization. 

 Epimeron small. Later opleurite not bounded anteriorly by an extension from marginal ridge. 

 Basisternum large, about 287 pi wide and 214 pi long, i.e. 1-45-2-00 (average 1-74) times longer 

 than membranous area of scutum ; with strong median ridge and bounded by strong marginal 

 and precoxal ridges; without setae. Furca well developed. Mesothoracic spiracle with well 

 developed peritreme ; postmesospiracular setae numerous, consisting of 55-79 (average 66) f.s., 

 arranged in a broad band behind the spiracles and prosternum, with a few occurring on the 

 episternae. Tegula small, membranous bulge with a small weak sclerite posteriorly and with 

 2-7 (average 5) h.s. Third axillary wing sclerite with a small, pointed, ventral projection at its 

 base. Additional sclerite small, well sclerotized. Antemetaspiracular setae : 1-7 (average 2-9) f.s. 



Metathorax. Metanotum with thickening of posterior margin usually desclerotized medially; 

 suspensorial sclerites absent. Postnotum consisting of a small transverse sclerite on each side. 

 Metatergal setae : one h.s. and usually a few (0-6, average 2-4) f.s. on each side. Pleural ridge 

 considerably reduced, extending only a short distance above coxal articulation. Episternum 

 reduced to a small subtriangular plate ; epimeron produced posteriorly. Metathoracic spiracle 

 similar to mesothoracic one. D or sospiracular setae : 10-23 (average 16) f.s. Postmetaspiracular 

 setae : 12-25 (average 16) f.s. and 0-2 (average o-8) h.s. Metasternal plate weak and irregular, 

 but more heavily sclerotized anteriorly. Anterior and posterior metasternal setae consisting of 

 58-94 (average 77) and 34-49 (average 38) f.s. respectively. 



