'4 2 



MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



Table 2 A 



Pairs of Groups 



Number of Characters 

 (a) (b) (c) 



shared of which exclusive differentiating 



Eulecanium-Eriopeltis 



14 



6 



6 



Eulecanium-Inglisia 



8 



I 



15 



Eulecanium-Coccus 



6 



1 



16 



Eriopeltis-Inglisia 



9 



1 



21 



Eriopeltis-Coccus 



9 



2 



17 



Inglisia-Coccus 



16 



6 



16 



i. The COCCUS group. To this group have been assigned five genera which 

 appear to be very closely related. They are Pulvinaria, Genus B, Coccus, Parthenole- 

 caniunt and Ceroplastes. Pairs of genera share from 75 to 90 characters and the 

 group as a whole has about 60 characters in common. The exclusive characters of 

 this group are (i) the basalare vestigial or absent, (ii) the caudal extension of 

 abdominal segment VII very prominent and tapering, (iii) the presence of a mem- 

 branous or weakly sclerotized cicatrix on the caudal extension of abdominal segment 

 VII, (iv) the presence of more than 36 fleshy anterior metasternal setae, and (v) the 

 presence of fleshy pleural setae on the first three abdominal segments. In all the 

 genera (except Ceroplastes) the shape of the head is rather peculiar in having a 

 pronounced anterodorsal bulge with the medioventral bulge sharply drawn back. 

 Except for this and some other small differences, the males of genus Ceroplastes are 

 very similar to those of the other members of this group. This is rather interesting 

 because the females of the genus Ceroplastes are considered to be quite distinct and 

 different from the other Coccidae. 



The COCCUS group is probably the most specialized of the Coccidae, as a com- 

 paratively large number (8) of specialized characters are found in it. They are : 

 (i) the presence of only four simple eyes, (ii) the tubular scutellum, (iii) the reduced 

 metathorax, with the episternum small, the pleural ridge short and the halteres 

 lacking, (iv) a basalare which is vestigial and incorporated into the pleural wing 

 process, (v) considerable desclerotization of the abdomen, (vi) the presence of 

 prominent caudal extensions on abdominal segment VII (although reminiscent of 

 the " fleshy tassels " of the Monophlebidae), (vii) the presence on abdominal seg- 

 ment VIII of caudal extensions of various shapes which bear a membranous or 

 weakly sclerotized cicatrix, and (viii) the presence of pleural sclerotization on 

 abdominal segments VII-VIII. (This does not occur in the more primitive 

 Coccoidea, nor in what is regarded as the more primitive members of this family.) 



From a study of limited material of Akermes andersoni Newst., the drawings and 

 descriptions of Chloropulvinaria aurantii (Ckll.) by Borchsenius (1957) and Neo- 

 pulvinaria imeretina Hadz. by Hadzibejli (1955), and the drawing of the posterior 

 part of the abdomen of Saissetia nigra (Nietner) by Green (1904-1909) it seems 

 certain that the genera Akermes, Chloropulvinaria, N eopulvinaria and Saissetia 

 should also be included in this group. 



