8 D. S. FLETCHER 



listed 37 species, is endemic in the Hawaiian Islands. Structurally the species are 

 related to Cleora, possibly deriving from an ancestor of C. nausori B. -Baker from 

 Fiji or of C. cheesmanae Prout from the New Hebrides ; they differ markedly, 

 however, in habitus, in the narrow and proportionately longer wings and in the 

 unpatterned hind wings. 



In the Indo-Australian region the genera Paradromulia, Catoria, Ophthahnodes , 

 Pseudalcis and Cusiala occur with and approach closely in habitus many species of 

 Cleora, but are structurally distinct. 



Paradromulia Warren (1896 : 300) has veins R\ and R2 of the fore wing long- 

 stalked in both sexes, R2 anastomosing briefly with R3. The genitalia differ in 

 both sexes ; in the male, the uncus is bifurcate and in the female the ovipositor is 

 appreciably shorter than that found in Cleora. 



Catoria Moore (1887 : 414) has veins Ri and R% of the fore wing long-stalked, the 

 stalk anastomosing briefly with Sc. The male antenna has two pairs of pectinations 

 to each pectinate segment, as in part of Cleora, but the pectinations are equal in 

 length and unsealed ; each pair of pectinations is in part fused basally. The genitalia 

 of both sexes differ in structural pattern from those of Cleora ; in the male the valve 

 is produced and the uncus is very short and broad with two dorsal digitate processes 

 recalling those found in Semiothisa Hiibner ; in the female genitalia the ovipositor 

 is appreciably shorter than that found in Cleora. The genus Catoria was revised 

 by Prout, 1929c. 



Ophthalmodes Guenee (1857 : 2 &3) nas neuration similar to that of Catoria ; in 

 both sexes the antennae are bipectinate, the pectination in the male being longer 

 than those in the female ; the pectinations in both sexes are unsealed. In the male 

 genitalia the uncus is reduced and bears lateral processes and the eighth sternum is 

 specialized. In the female genitalia the ovipositor is short. 



In Pseudalcis Warren (1897 : 96) veins Ri and R% in the fore wing are long- 

 stalked, Ri anastomoses briefly with Sc and R2 with R$ to form a long, slender areole. 

 The male antennae are bipectinate for the greater part of their length ; the long 

 pectinations are unsealed and arise from the base of the segment. The genitalia of 

 both sexes differ appreciably from the pattern of Cleora. 



In Cusiala Moore (1887 : 407) veins Ri and R2 of the fore wing are long-stalked, 

 the male antennae are lamellate and ciliate and the genitalia of both sexes differ 

 in pattern from those of Cleora. 



Distribution. 



The species of Cleora in the Ethiopian region, to judge from the limited information 

 on data labels, appear to be forest insects ; of the 38 species known from continental 

 Africa, 25 are recorded from the equatorial forest of West Africa, Congo and Western 

 Uganda ; 12 other species are from areas of montane, lowland, riverine and tem- 

 perate forests ; C. oligodranes differs in having apparently adapted to the drier 

 conditions of open, grassy plains. 



Eight species appear to be island endemics, five in the Indian Ocean, acaciaria on 

 Reunion, legrasi and macracantha on Madagascar, transversaria and angustivalvis 



