io D. S. FLETCHER 



tentatively with the raphis group, principally on the female genitalia ; though the 

 males of these two species lack areas of coarse scobination on the valves, quadri- 

 maculata possesses a well developed process on the valve comparable with that of 

 echinodes and lacrymata has a well sclerotized apex to the aedeagus and the form of 

 the cornuti and the presence of a well-defined, sclerotized band on the vesica are 

 closely similar to those found in raphis. The distribution of the group is shown on 

 Map 3. 



The tulbaghata group is characterized in the male by the form of the larger of two 

 cornuti which is either of even width or dilate apically ; the apex is serrate, the 

 serration extending basad along one side. In the female genitalia the posterior 

 half of the bursa copulatrix is heavily sclerotized and ribbed, with a shoulder-like 

 projection at the left side posteriorly. In addition to tulbaghata, the group includes 

 dargei, dactylata, thyris, nigrisparsalis, plax and munda. The distribution of the 

 tulbaghata group is shown on Map 4. 



The rostella group is characterized in the male by the presence on the vesica of 

 two strongly developed, tapered cornuti which are fused basally, by the weakly 

 developed apical process on the sacculus and by the presence near the base of the 

 sacculus of one or more short, setose, digitate processes. The female genitalia are 

 diverse in form ; there is usually a well-defined lamella postvaginalis with a sclerot- 

 ized lobe medio-dorsally, often mitre-shaped ; the posterior part of the bursa 

 copulatrix is usually well sclerotized and sharply contrasted with the membranous, 

 often globular, anterior part ; the female genitalia of oligodranes and rothkirchi are 

 weakly sclerotized ; those of macracantha are asymmetrical and aberrant. In 

 addition to rostella, the species group includes legrasi, angustivalvis, serena, oligo- 

 dranes, macracantha, derogaria, pavlitzkiae, lima, scobina, radula and rothkirchi. 



The species toidgoetae and lamottei are tentatively placed in the rostella group on 

 the form of the cornuti on the vesica. 



The distribution of the rostella group is shown on Maps 5-8. 



The species tamsi and viettei, endemics on the islands of Principe and Sao Thome 

 respectively, though closely related to each other, have been tentatively placed in 

 the genus ; herbidoti and acerata, another closely related pair, have also been placed 

 only tentatively ; subcincta and bicornis appear to be isolated species and each has 

 been placed in Cleora arbitrarily. Biological data, when available, may help clarify 

 the affinities of these species. Their distribution is shown on Map 9. 



Key to Species based on Male Genitalia 



Valve with area of dense, coarse scobination ventrally just basad of cucullus, 



but not extending to dorsal margin ...... 2 



Valve not so developed ........ 6 



(1) Scobinate area in form of a slender, arcuate band from below cucullus reaching 

 ventral margin at one-third ; arm of sacculus curved, spatulate, of even width 

 and scobinate at apex, extending in length to mid-cucullus ; short, setose 

 digitate process medially at one-third valve (Text-fig. 69) . boetschi (p. 54) 



Scobinate area and sacculus not so formed ..... 3 



