140 



H. STEMPFFER 



Wing shape. This varies from species to species. In the $ fore wing the inner margin is 

 hardly lobed at all in sidus, mimosae, tajoraca, aphnaeoides , flavilinea, alienus, aemulus and 

 penningtoni ; the lobe is more pronounced in the other species, especially in those of the iasis 

 and hemicyanus groups. In most of the species the fore wings are roughly of the subtriangular 

 shape, but in the hemicyanus group the inner margin is much shorter than the costal margin 

 so that the wing becomes almond-shaped. The hind margin of the hind wings is slightly concave 

 in alienus, violacea and bakeri ; on the other hand in the other species it is angled or even tailed 

 at the end of vein 3, this tail being moderately well developed in the laon group. There is a 

 delicate tail at the end of vein 2, and another longer one at vein ib which in longicauda is very 

 long. Male secondary sexual characters : on the underside of the fore-wings there is a glossy 

 area, between the lower edge of the cell and the inner margin, which is small or even absent in 

 some species, e.g. mimosae, aphnaeoides, alienus, aemulus and bellina, but large and conspicuous 

 in sidus, iasis, cytaeis, laon, silanus, australis, creta etc. A hair tuft on the inner margin is 

 present in all species except glaucus and those of the hemicyanus group. On the upperside of 

 the hind wing, in all the species of the subgenus, there is a more or less well developed glossy 

 androconial patch at the base of the wing. 



Wing venation (Text-fig. 297). Fore wing with 11 veins in both sexes. 



M ale genitalia (Text-fig. 125, sidus). Uncus composed of two small triangular lobes narrowlv 

 fused to the margin of the tegumen on either side of the median depression ; subunci long, 

 robust, massive basally, obtuse angled, blunt ended ; tegumen strap-like, its posterior margin 

 with a rounded depression ; as in all lolaus, the tegumen in its normal position is hood-shaped ; 

 vinculum rather broad, prolonged into a squat rounded saccus ; lower fultura blade-shaped, 

 its deeply indented apex encircling the penis ; valves oblong-oval, the apex slightly serrate 

 and folded towards the lower margin ; penis large, inner portion widely open dorsally, apex 

 obliquely truncate ; uncus pilose, a few hairs on the distal half of the valves along the upper 

 margin. 



The male genitalia in Epamera are all of the " Thecline " type, that is to say, with 

 a hood-like tegumen and well developed subunci, but they differ amongst themselves 

 in structural details, for example : the lobes of the uncus more or less separated from 

 one another, subunci more or less curved, outline of the valves more or less incised, 



Fig. 125. lolaus {Epamera) sidus Trimen, $ genitalia. 



