2i2 H. STEMPFFER 



*Castalius kaffana Talbot, 1935, Entomologist' s mon. Mag. 71 : 149, fig. 

 *Castalius margaritaceus E. Sharpe, 1892. 



Castalius margaritaceus f. phasma Talbot, 1935, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 

 71 : 148, fig. 

 * Castalius melaena melaena (Trimen), 1887. Fig. Aurivillius in Seitz, 1924. 



calice (Wallengren), 1857 I melama and melas Aurivillius ex errore Seitz : 467. 

 *Castalius melaena griqua Trimen, 1887. 



Castalius melaena interruptus Gabriel, 1954, Exp. S.W. Arabia, 1937/38 : 381. 



Castalius melama (Aurivillius), see melaena, 1924 : 467. 



Castalius melas (Aurivillius), see melaena. 



Castalius rosimon (Wallengren), see hintza. 



Genus TARUCUS Moore 



Tarucus Moore, 1881, Lep. Ceylon 1 : 81 ; Bethune Baker, 1918 : 269-296 ; Swanepoel, 



I 953 : 65. Type-species : Hesperia theophrastus Fabricius, by original designation. 

 Cupido Schrank (partim) ; Aurivillius, 1898 : 363 ; 1924 : 468. 

 Lycaena Fabricius (partim) ; Murray, 1935 : 152. 

 Cacyreus Butler (partim); Pinhey, 1949: 119 



Eyes glabrous, vertex clothed with white hair ; palpi long, strongly ascending, second 

 segment long, laterally compressed, clothed with white erect scales, third segment slender, 

 cylindrical, clothed with black scales (see Bethune Baker, 1917, pi. 20, figs 33-34) : antennae 

 slender, about three-fifths the length of the costa, club elongate, well differentiated ; thorax 

 fairly robust, clothed below with long white hair ; <$ fore leg, femur slightly flattened, tibia 

 about as long as femur, tarsus unsegmented, black and white-annulated, spinose below. 



Wing shape. Fore wing subtriangular, hind wing oval with a short filiform tail at the end 

 of vein 2. 



Wing venation (Text-fig. 326) : Fore wing with 11 veins, 11 curved, and touching 12 at one 

 point in its length. 



Male genitalia (Text-fig. 185). Uncus composed of two small lobes with rounded apices 

 fused to the lateral angles of the tegumen ; subunci long, bent at right-angles, the basal part 

 massive, the free arm tapering gradually to the claw-shaped apex ; tegumen rather large, 

 the terminal margin deeply excised so as to leave only a narrow median band ; vinculum very 

 wide above ; lower fultura peculiar in that the arms are enlarged to form wide curtains, which 

 are fused to form a conical hood that passes above the penis, the apex of the cone directed 

 towards the eighth abdominal segment (Bethune Baker gave the name " tectorius " to this 

 structure) ; valves elongate with three sharp teeth of varying lengths at the apices, and bearing 

 towards the base on the inner surface of the upper process a digitate, sharply pointed sclerite 

 which runs parallel to the valve itself (the " virgae excitatae " of Bethune Baker) ; penis very 

 elongate, sheathed by an anellus fused to the tectorius, tapering gradually in its external portion 

 to the sharp pointed apex, vesica echinate ; uncus and apices of valves pilose. 



Bethune Baker (1917: 271) has interpreted the structures of the male genitalia of 

 the species of Tarucus in a way which differs from my own interpretation. Instead 

 of considering the " tectorius " as a modification of the lower fultura, he considers 

 that it is a peculiar vestigial organ, part of a primitive structure which consisted of 

 two groups, one surrounding the anus, the other protecting the sexual organs. On 



