GENERA OF AFRICAN LYCAENIDAE 261 



As I have already pointed out (1934, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1933 : 325-328) the genus 

 Zizula includes, besides gaika, tulliola Godman & Salvin, whose male genitalia closely 

 resemble those of gaika. Z. tulliola is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela and 

 Brazil. Hence the habitat of the genus Zizula embraces India, Java, Sumatra, the 

 Islands of the Indian Ocean, tropical and equatorial Africa and America, i.e. almost 

 the whole of the ancient Gondwana. 



I find it difficult to determine with certainty the exact relationship of Zizula. 

 Like Zizina it has a huge bristle on the valve, but the tegumen and especially the 

 penis, have a totally different structure. A penis of this type is, as far as I know, 

 found only in Brephidium, whose habitat is also Southern Africa (metophis) and 

 tropical America (exilis, pseudofea) but the dorsal structures of Zizula, which are of 

 a simple type, are quite unlike the complex tegumen of Brephidium. Nevertheless 

 the similarity in the structure of the penis, and their identical habitats, make me 

 inclined to think that these two genera are somewhat related. Both are certainly 

 of ancient origin, dating from before the breaking up of Gondwanza. 



According to Pinhey (1949 : 121) the caterpillar of gaika has been found on flowers 

 of Oxalis species. 



List of Species of Zizula 



Zizula cleodora (Walker). 

 Zizula gaika (Trimen), see hylax. 

 *Zizula hylax (Fabricius), 1775. 



lysimon (Wallengren), 1857 ! gaika (Trimen), 1862 ; mylica Guenee, 1863 ; 



cleodora (Walker), 1870 ; pygmoea (Snellen), 1876 ; perparva (Saalmuller), 



1889. 

 Zizula lysimon (Wallengren) see hylax. 

 Zizula mylica (Guenee), see hylax. 

 Zizula perparva (Saalmuller), see hylax. 

 Zizula pygmoea (Snellen), see hylax. 



Genus ACTIZERA Chapman 



Actizera Chapman, 1910 : 483 ; Pinhey, 1949 : 121 ; Swanepoel, 1953 : 121. Type-species : 

 Lycaena atvigemmata Butler, selected by Hemming, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 3 : 220. 

 Cupido Schrank (partim) Aurivillius, 1898 : 379 ; 1925 : 495. 

 Lycaena Fabricius (partim) Murray, 1935 : 183. 



Eyes smooth ; palpi long ; ascending, second segment long, laterally compressed, clothed 

 below with scales and long stiff hair, third segment long, slender, acuminate ; antennae white- 

 annulated, more than half the length of the costa, club ovoid, well differentiated ; abdomen 

 long, slender, extending beyond the anal angle ; o" fore leg, tibia as long as the femur, tarsus 

 unsegmented, finely spinose below. 



Wing shape. Fore wing subtriangular, outer margin convex, hind wing oval, no tail, anal 

 angle obtuse. 



Wing venation (Text-fig. 347). Fore wing with 11 veins, 10 and 11 free from the upper 

 edge of the cell. 



