274 H. STEMPFFER 



shaped, the subunci long, robust, and curved, the two processes of the valves are 

 separated at their apices, and the penis is very massive, and bears spines and 

 numerous cornuti. In Apharitis and in most species of Spindasis the dorsal ele- 

 ments are divided into two lobes by a deep median depression in the posterior margin 

 of the tegumen and the valves are not apically divided. In Lipaphnaeus, Chloroselas 

 and Desmolycaena the dorsal structure form an oval, which is excised at the hind 

 apex, the subunci long and slender (except in D. rogersi Riley in which the sub- 

 rectangular shape reappears and the subunci are absent). In Zeritis the dorsal aspect 

 is subtriangular, the anterior margin of the tegumen bears a rounded process, the 

 subunci have a long apophysis and the lower fultura is composed of two long asym- 

 metrical arms. In Axiocerses the dorsal aspect rather resembles that of Zeritis but 

 the arms of the lower fultura are symmetrical. In Phasis, Aloeides, Poecilmitis and 

 Chrysoritis the dorsal elements are more or less rectangular and always bear a 

 rounded process on the anterior margin. The subunci are always long, and robust 

 and bear a small apophysis. In Crudaria on the other hand the subunci are reduced 

 in size. In Erikssonia the dorsal aspect resembles that of Axiocerses, but the sub- 

 unci have no apophysis. I do not know Pseudaletis well, having examined only six 

 species, in all of which the uncus is divided into four processes (in P. agrippina Druce 

 the apex of each process is blunt, in P. clymneus Druce the apices are pointed) and 

 lacks subunci. But the lower fultura, valves and penis are of Aphnaeine type, for 

 which reason I include Pseudaletis in this subfamily, though with some misgiving. 

 Except for Pseudaletis, all the genera of this subfamily have moreover one striking 

 external character, namely the presence of metallic silvery golden or nacreous bands 

 and spots on the underside of the wings. The palaearctic genus Cigaritis Boisduval, a 

 close ally of Apharitis, should be included in this subfamily. 



We must now consider the genus Spalgis Moore, the precise affinities of which I 

 find difficult to decide. In his generic description, Moore says that it is allied to 

 Gerydus (Seitz, 1923, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 881). Fruhstorfer compares the wing 

 markings of Spalgis with those of Lycaenopsis and their dull colour with that of the 

 Gerydinae ; as regards the male genitalia he says that the long furca resembles that 

 of Tarucus, and that the uncus resembles that of Everes. He concludes that Spalgis 

 is probably a very ancient group, possibly the stock from which both Gerydus and 

 Everes were derived. 



Colour and wing pattern are not very important characters in my opinion. The 

 palpi of Spalgis have no resemblance whatever to those of Gerydus, the short stout 

 antennae are unlike those of Gerydus, Everes or Lycaenopsis, and the genitalia in no 

 way resemble those of Lycaenopsis or Gerydus. On the other hand the pentagonal 

 uncus and short stout subunci are very much Everine in type. I conclude that, on 

 the evidence available, the wisest course is to leave the genus Spalgis isolated in the 

 subfamily Spalginae, as other authors have done. 



The next group comprises the genera Cupidesthes Aurivillius, Anthene Doubleday, 

 Neurypexina Bethune Baker, Neurellipes Bethune Baker and Triclema Karsch, 

 which differ only in minor venational characters. Their male genitalia are so 

 uniform in type that I think they ought to be considered merely as subgenera of 



