GENERA OF AFRICAN LYCAENIDAE 275 



Anthene. The genitalia may be described as follows : Uncus composed of two small 

 lobes fused to the tegumen on either side of the median depression in its posterior 

 margin, subunci curved, sometimes robust, sometimes slender ; tegumen a rather 

 narrow notched band ; vinculum always prolonged towards sternite 8 to form a 

 saccus which is often well developed ; lower fultura a furca with divergent arms and 

 attached to the base of the valves, which are oval and more or less incised ; penis 

 elongate and widely open on the dorsal surface of its internal portion. 



In external appearance the Anthene group bear some affinity to the Theclinae, but 

 the male genitalia are intermediate between those of the Theclinae and the Lam- 

 pidinae. However, the invariable presence of a furca and the poor development of 

 the tegumen lead me to place the group in the Lampidinae, where they form a well 

 marked tribe. 



I would also include in the Lampidinae the following genera taken from the 

 " omnibus " genus Cupido of Aurivillius : — Phlyaria Karsch, Uranothauma Butler, 

 Cacyreus Butler, Tarucus Moore, Castalius Hiibner, Lampides Hiibner, Syntarucus 

 Butler, Cyclyrhis Butler, Harpendyreus Heron, Pseudonacaduba Stempffer, Lepi- 

 dochrysops Hedicke, Euchrysops Butler, Eicochrysops Bethune Baker, Cupidopsis 

 Karsch, Thermoniphas Karsch, Oboronia Karsch, Athysanota Karsch and Actizera 

 Chapman. I must confess that it is not without some hesitation that I group 

 together all these genera because the male genitalia are not of a perfectly uniform 

 type. For instance, the male genitalia of Tarucus, Castalius and Eicochrysops 

 differ in some particulars from the common plan, which may be summarized as 

 follows : — Tegumen with a median depression in its posterior margin, sometimes 

 reduced to a narrow band ; uncus divided into two lobes ; well developed subunci, 

 lower fultura f urea-shaped, and sometimes with an anellus ; penis subcylindrical. 

 Some pairs of genera, e.g. Phlyaria and Uranothaiina, Syntarucus and Cyclyrius have 

 a similar specialized penis, and in this show close relationship to the American 

 Leptotes ; others, e.g. Lepidochrysops, Euchrysops, Thermoniphas, Oboronia and 

 Athysanota from a group characterized by their reduced tegumen, their digitate 

 valves and the presence of an anellus. 



As regards Tarucus with tectorius and virgae excitatae present in most species, 

 Castalius which is only an artificial grouping of species with convergent external 

 appearance, and Eicochrysops with its four-lobed dorsum, all three genera differ 

 considerably from the typical Lampidinae and if I have included them in this sub- 

 family it is solely because I could not find a more suitable place and they seemed 

 more allied to the Lampidinae than to any other subfamily. To Actizera, which has 

 some of the characteristics of the Glaucopsychinae, I give only a temporary home 

 in the Lampidinae. It seems probable that in the future this subfamily will need 

 subdivision into several homogeneous groups, but before that can be done a more 

 thorough study of the Indo-Australian species on the basis of their male genitalia is 

 needed. 



There is no doubt that Chilades Moore and Freyeria Courvoissier should be included 

 in the subfamily Plebeiinae, a subfamily not well represented in the Ethiopian and 

 Indo-Malayan faunas but which includes many holarctic species. 



