GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 31 



butterflies the concept of a type-species for a genus, using the formula : " Generis Typus : 

 A. urticae." . 



AGLAURA Westwood, [1851], in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2) : 327. Type-species by 

 selection by Hemming (1941, J. Soc. Bill. nat. Hist. 1 : 420) : Zeuxidia luxerii Hiibner, 

 [1826] (Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pi. [57]. 



The name Aglaura was introduced by Westwood as " Aglaura Boisduval MS." and placed 

 in the synonymy of Zeuxidia Hiibner, [1826]. Under the revised Code (Article 1 i(d)) a name 

 published in a synonymy does not thereby acquire the status of availability, and accordingly 

 the name Aglaura as published by Westwood was invalid as from the time when it was first 

 published. Even if this had not been the case, this generic name would have been invalid for 

 two quite independent reasons : First, it would have been invalid under the Law of Homo- 

 nymy ; the word " Aglaura " had been used as a generic name by four different authors 

 before it was so published by Westwood, the earliest of these uses having been Aglaura 

 Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Ann. Mus. Hist, nat., Paris 14 (83) : 351). Second Aglaura Westwood 

 would have been invalid as a junior objective synonym of Zeuxidia Hiibner, [1826], of which 

 also Zeuxidia luxerii Hiibner is the type-species. 



AGNOSTOGYNA Rober, 1925, Stelt. ent. Ztg 86 : 176. Type-spa Lea by selection by Hem- 

 ming (1943, Proc. It. ent. Soc. Land. (B) 12 : 20) : Papilio pasiphae Cramer, iitl KapeUen 

 1 (7) : 127, pi. 8o, fig. E. 



AGRAULIS Boisduval & Leconte, [1833 , Hist, gin ion. l.e'pul. .liner sept. : 142 Type- 

 species by monotypy : Papilio vanillae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 482. 



AGRIADES Hiibner, [iHiyJ, Yerz. bekannt. Stinnett. (5) : 68. Type-species by designation by 

 the Commission under its Plenary Powers by the Ruling given in Opinion 173 (1946, Opin. 

 int. Comm. zool. Nom. 2 : 483-494) : Papilio glandon I 'runner, 1798, Lepidopt. pedemont.'. 

 76. 



This is a genus founded upon a misidentitied type-species, and its position remained 

 unsatisfactory until in 1946 this was remedied by the Commission under its Plenary Powers 

 The history of this name is set out briefly below. 



From the nominal species placed by Hiibner in the genus [griades Scudder (1875, Proc. 

 amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 105) selected as the type-species the nominal species which 

 Hiibner had entered as sp. no. 660, and to which he hid applied the specific name orbitulus 

 I'runner. There was never any doubt as to what species Hiibner had in mind in so using the 

 name orbitulus Prunner, because he cited in the synonymy of that species the excellent figures 

 which he himself had published in [1803-1804] (Samml. exot. Schmett. : pi. Pap. 103, figs 

 522-525) under the name Papilio meleager. This High-Alpine and Circumpolar species 

 continued to be known by the specific name orbitulus for just over one hundred years following 

 the publication of the name Agriatles Hiibner. In 1926 (Ent. Rec. 38 : 105), however, Verity 

 drew attention to the fact that this usage of the name orbitulus was incorrect, I'runner having 

 applied the name Papilio orbitulus not to the present species but to another mountain species 

 known at the time of Verity's paper and for many years previously under the specific name 

 pheretes Hoffmannsegg (often misattributed to Hiibner), a name which had been introduced in 

 1804 (Mag.f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 3 : 187, as a replacement for the name Papilio atys Hiibner, 

 [1803-1804] (Samml. europ. Schmett. : pi. Pap. 97, figs 495-496 ; pi. Pap. 107, figs 548-549). 

 At the same time Verity pointed out that Prunner had given the name Papilio glandon to the 

 species which prior to the publication of Verity's paper, had for so long been incorrectly 

 treated as bearing the name orbitulus Prunner. 



If at the time when Verity's paper was published, the Commission had shown a disposition 

 to use its Plenary Powers to protect long-established names, the reasonable course would have 

 been to ask that body to use its Plenary Powers to suppress the names orbitulus Prunner and 

 glandon and to take such as action under those Powers as might be needed to ensure (a) that 

 the name orbitulus, attributed to (say) Esper, by whom a good figure (pi. 112, fig. 4) had been 



