24 FRANCIS HEMMING 



his own doubledaii of 1848 and on the same page (: 291) he published the name Adolias siva 

 as a replacement name for the name Acontia doubledaii. The Law of Secondary Specific 

 Homonymy was modified as regards future cases by the Fifteenth International Congress of 

 Zoology, London, 1958 but this left intact the old rule that a secondary homonym, once 

 rejected and replaced, is to be treated as having been permanently invalidated thereby in 

 cases in which (as here) the name was rejected before i960 (Article 59(c)). Accordingly, 

 in the present case the specific name doubledaii Westwood, 1848, is objectively invalid and its 

 replacement, siva Westwood, [1850], is an available name and, being the oldest such name 

 objectively applicable to the present species, is its valid name. 



The nominal genus Acontia Westwood has been replaced by the objectively identical 

 nominal genus Neurosigma Butler, 1868. 



ACRAEA Fabricius, 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6 : 284. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder, 1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 101 : Papilio horta Linnaeus, 1764, 

 Mus. Lud. Ulr. : 234. 



Already in 1872 (Cistula ent. 1 : 66) Crotch had stated that Papilio horta was " a typical 

 species " of this genus, but it was not unequivocally selected as the type-species until (as 

 shown above) it was so selected by Scudder in 1875. 



ACRAEA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (6) : 93. Type-species by selection by 

 Hemming (1938, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 8 : 135) .Papilio nerissa Fabricius, 1775, Syst. 

 Ent. : 471. 



This is one of a number of cases in which Hiibner deliberately appropriated a generic name 

 published by a previous author and used it in an entirely different sense. The name Acraea 

 Hiibner is invalid as a junior homonym of the name Acraea Fabricius, 1807 (q.v.). 



ACROMECIS Mabille, 1904, Gen. Ins. 17 (C) : 171. Type-species by monotypy : Apaustus 

 neander Plotz, 1884, Stett. ent. Zig 45 : 154. 



ACROPHTALMIA Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), 1861, Wien. ent. Monats. 5 : 305. Type-species 

 by monotypy : Acrophtalmia artemis Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), 1861, ibid. 5 : 395. 



ACROPHTHALMIA Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), [1867], in Reise Fregatte " Novara", Rhop. 

 (3) : 486 (an incorrect Subsequent Spelling of Acrophtalmia Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), 1861.) 



It is possible that this was a deliberate emendation of the name Acrophtalmia published by 

 the same authors in 1861, but the}' gave no explanation of their reasons for using this variant 

 spelling, and accordingly it ranks not as an Unjustified Emendation but as an Incorrect 

 Subsequent Spelling and as such possesses no status in zoological nomenclature. 



ACROPOLIS Hemming, 1934, Entomologist 67 : 77. Type-species by original designation : 

 Acrophthalmia [sic] thalia Leech, 1891, Entomologist 24, Suppl. : 25. 



Acropolis was introduced as the name for a new genus and not as a replacement for the name 

 Pharia Fruhstorfer, [191 1], of which also the above species is the type-species but which is 

 invalid under the Law of Homonymy. For practical purposes therefore Acropolis acted as a 

 substitute for the invalid name Pharia Fruhstorfer. 



ACTINOR Watson, 1893, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 92, 108. Type-species by original 

 designation : Halpe radians Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3) : 690, pi. 45, fig. 1. 



ACTINOTE Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (2) : 27. Type-species by designation by 

 the Commission by the Ruling given under its Plenary Powers in Opinion 214 (1954, Opin. 

 int. Comm. zool. Nom. 4 : 41-50) : Papilio thalia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 

 1 : 467. 



The first author to select one of the originally included species to be the type-species of this 

 genus was Scudder who in 1875 {Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 102) so selected the 

 nominal taxon which Hiibner had entered as the third of the species placed by him in his 

 Actinote and which he cited as " A. eurita Cram. 233, A. B.". Reference to Cramer's work 

 (Uitl. Kapellen 3 (20) : 69, 70, pi. 233, figs A, B) shows that in this matter Cramer was under 



