78 FRANCIS HEMMING 



having been made by Tutt ([1907], Nat. Hist. Brit. Butts 2 : 231, 234). The species so selected 

 by Tutt belongs to an entirely different group of Hairstreaks, namely the true Theclids 

 {sens, str.) and it was with this group that the name Bithys quickly (though incorrectly) came 

 to be associated. Neither of the above species was included by Hiibner when he first pub- 

 lished the name Bithys, and both accordingly ceased to be connected with this case, except 

 historically. The species included in the Zutrdge which, as already noted, was selected by 

 Riley in 1922 as the type-species of Bithys, namely Bithys leucophaeus Hiibner, 1818 (then a 

 new species) belongs to the so-called Strymonid Hairstreaks ; its acceptance as the type- 

 species of Bithys Hiibner would thus have led to a most confusing transfer of that generic 

 name from the true Theclids, where it was firmly (though invalidly) entrenched, to the 

 Strymonids, for which it had never been used since Hiibner's time. It was this situation 

 which was prevented from arising by the decision by the Commission to suppress the name 

 Bithys under its Plenary Powers. 



BLAKEA Grote, 1875, Trans, amer. ent. Soc. 5 : 118. Type-species by original designation : 

 Papilio gundlachianus Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), 1864, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 : 294. 

 The name Papilio gundlachianus Felder & Felder has been treated by some authors as a 

 junior subjective synonym of Papilio columbus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1862 (CorrespBl. zool.-min 

 Ver. Regensburg 16 : 141). The latter name is however invalid as a junior homonym of 

 Papilio columbus Kollar, 1850 (Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1 : 351). Thus, the name 

 gundlachianus Felder & Felder, despite the above subjective synonymy, remains the oldest 

 available name for, and therefore taxonomicallythe valid name of, the type-species of this genus. 



BLANAIDA Kirby, 1871, Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep. : 699, 42. Type-species through section (i) 

 (replacement names) of Article 67 : Lasiommata (?) bhadra Moore, 1857, in Horsfield & 

 Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy (1) : 227. 



Kirby proposed this name as a replacement for Neope Butler, 1867, which without giving 

 particulars, he rejected as invalid under the Law of Homonymy. He was correct in regarding 

 Neope Butler as invalid under the Law of Homonymy, for the same name had been used by 

 Moore in the previous year (Moore, [1866], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 : 770), by whom it had 

 also been proposed as a replacement for Enope Moore, 1857 (a name which is invalid under the 

 Law of Homonymy). Thus, the name Blanaida Kirby, 1871, is invalid as a junior objective 

 synonym of the name Neope Moore, [1866]. The name Neope Moore is a nomenclatorially 

 available name and, as the oldest such name applicable to the present genus, is its valid name. 



BLANCHARDIA Buchecker, 1880, Syst. Ent. 2 : pi. 51. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Heliconia choarina Hewitson, 1872, Ent. mon. Mag. 9 : 83.) 



The specific name dismorphia for the type-species of this genus was introduced in a most 

 unsatisfactory way. What happened was this : At the head of plate 51 the words " Genus 

 Blanchardia Buch." were printed, while at the foot of the plate were printed the words 

 " Blanch. Dismorphia Buch.". At some stage — presumably before publication — the words 

 " Dismorphia Buch." at the foot of the plate were ruled off between parallel lines and the 

 word " Choarina " was inserted in their place. In these circumastances it may be assumed 

 that Buchecker originally intended to place in the genus Blanchardia a new species to which he 

 planned to give the specific name dismorphia, that, after the plate had been printed with this 

 specific name on the legend, he realized that the species concerned had already been given the 

 specific name choarina, and that he accordingly decided to abandon his idea of publishing the 

 specific name dismorphia, for this purpose ruling out that name on the legend to his plate 51 

 and inserting in its place the specific name choarina. The specific name dismorphia Buchecker 

 must therefore be regarded as a manuscript name which, as it were, just failed to be published, 

 being abandoned by its author at the last moment. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Heliconia choarina Hewitson is currently 

 treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as a subspecies of the taxon represented by the 

 older-established nominal species Heliconia hecuba Hewitson, [1858] (///. exot. Butts 2 : [25], 

 pi. [13], fig. 11). 



