94 FRANCIS HEMMING 



CANDALIDES Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (5) : 73. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 133) : Rusticus xanthospilos 

 Hiibner, [1817], Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pi. [99]. 



CANOPUS Felder (C), 1861, Nova Acta Leop. Carol. 28 (No. 3) : 33. Type-species by mono- 

 typy : Papilio meleagris Cramer, [1775], Uitl. Kapellen 1 (6) : 102, pi. 66, figs A, B. 



The name Canopus Felder is invalid under the Law of Homonymy, being a junior homonym 

 of no less than three older generic names consisting of the same word ; these are (a) Canopus 

 Fabricius, 1803 (Syst. Rhyng. : 127), (b) Canopus Denys de Montfort, 1808 [Conch. 1 : 290), 

 and (c) Canopus Rafinesque, 1850 [The Good Book : 65). In addition, the name Canopus 

 Felder is invalid under the Law of Priority, being a junior objective synonym of Hamanumida 

 Hiibner, [1819]. 



CANTHA Evans, 1955, Cat. amer. Hesp. Brit. Mus. 4 : 46, 69. Type-species by original 

 designation : Cyclopides celeus Mabille, 1891, Bull. C. R. Soc. ent. Belg. 35 : lxxiv. 



CAPILA Moore, [1866], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3) : 785. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Capita jayadeva Moore, [1866], ibid. 1865 : 785, pi. 42, fig. 3. 



The specific name jayadeva first appeared in print in the combination Ismene jayadeva in 

 1857 (in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy (1) : 248) where it was cited as 

 the name of a nominal species which it was proposed to establish in a then projected paper to 

 be published in the Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (i.e. in the paper in which it was first validly pub- 

 lished nine years later). In 1857 Moore gave particulars regarding the locality in which his 

 proposed type-material had been obtained but gave no other information. 



CAPRONA Wallengren, 1857, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm (n.f.) 2 (1) No. 4 : 

 51. Type-species by monotypy : Caprona pillaana Wallengren, 1857, ibid, (n.f.) 2 (1) 

 No. 4 : 51. 



In the year following the establishment of this genus Wallengren again published Caprona 

 as a new name (1858, Ofvers. VetenskAkad. Fork., Stock. 15 : 82), on this occasion desig- 

 nating Caprona pillaana as the type-species (" species typica "). Later, Plotz (1879 Stett. 

 ent. Ztg 40 : 179) sought to change the type-species of this genus to a nominal species which 

 had not even described and named at the time when Wallengren published the name Caprona. 

 The species in question was Caprona canopus Trimen, 1864 (Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2 : 180), 

 which later became the type-species of the monobasic genus Netrobalane Mabille, 1903. 



CAPYS Hewitson, [1865], III. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae 1 (text) (Pt 2) : 59. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Papilio alpheus Cramer, [1777], Uitl. Kapellen 2 (16) : 131, pi. 182, figs E, F. 



The first question which has to be examined in connection with this generic name is whether 

 or not it is invalid — as has sometimes been suggested — under the Law of Homonymy. 

 Fortunately, there is bibliographical reference which makes it possible to clear up this matter 

 beyond possibility of question. The name which is a homonym of the present name and 

 requires examination from the foregoing point of view is Capys Stal (Hem. afric. 2 : 119), a 

 name introduced for a genus in the Order Hemiptera. This name is often attributed to the 

 year 1865, but, as Dr. W. E. China has kindly informed me, Bergroth (1919, Ent. Mitt. 8 : 190- 

 191) has examined the dates to be assigned to the Hemiptera Africana and has shown that 

 volume 2, containing the name Capys was, not published until May 1866. The question of the 

 dates of publication of the various Parts of Hewitson's ///. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae was ex- 

 amined in a paper of mine published in 1935 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 15 : 117 — 120), in 

 which I showed that Part 2, containing Hewitson's Capys, was published on 24th June 1865. 

 Thus, the name Capys Hewitson, in the Lepidoptera has clear priority over the name Capys 

 Stal in the Hemiptera. 



Although not invalid under the Law of Homonymy, the name Capys Hewitson is an invalid 

 name, as it is a junior objective synonym of Scoptes Hiibner, [1819]. 



CARCHARODUS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : no. Type-species by desig- 

 nation by the Commission under its Plenary Powers : Papilio alceae Esper, [1780], Die 

 Schmett. 1 (Bd 2) Forts. Tagschmett. : 4, pi. 51, fig. 3 $. 



