GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES n 5 



which was issued in 1818. The later occasion on which the name Chrysophanus was published 

 by Hiibner was when it appeared in that author's Verzeichniss bekannler Schmettlinge (on page 

 72 in signature 5). The dates of publication of the various instalments in which this latter 

 work was published was for long a matter of argument and doubt. These doubts were only 

 set at rest finally on the publication in 1937 (Hemming, Hiibner 1 : 517) of the evidence 

 provided l>v the then recently discovered surviving Hiibner manuscripts. This evidence 

 showed conclusively that the relevant portion of the Verzeichniss was not published until 1819. 

 It followed that it was in volume 1 of the Zutrdge and not in the Verzeichniss, as previously 

 supposed, that the name Chrysophanus was first published. 



The first author to select a type-species for this genus was Scudder who, in the belief that 

 this name had first been published in the Verzeichniss, selected Papilio hyllus Cramer, [1775] 

 in 1872 (4/// Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. 1871 : 56). In 1875 (Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 

 Boston 10 : 141- 142) he concluded that the above selection offended against the " principle 

 of elimination " and was consequently out of order, and he thereupon selected Papilio hip- 

 pothoe, 1 761, as type-species. Both these selections were invalid, because neither of the species 

 concerned was included in Chrysophanus in the Zutrdge. Both these species belong to the 

 Palaearcti( and Nearctic group known of Lycaenids known to lepidopterists in all English- 

 speaking countries as " The Coppers ". In consequence of Scudder's a< tion, the name 

 Chrysoplianits was almost exclusively used for this group, so much so indeed that the name 

 Chrysophanus immediately evokes in the mind of the reader the " Coppers Group " and no 

 other. The first author to deal with the genus Chrysophanus was Riley (1922) who, overlook- 

 ing the fact that, in addition to giving a lull description and figure of one species (Chryso- 

 phanus mopsus) Hiibner had cited the name of another species as belonging t<> this genus, 

 stated that Chrysophanus mopsus was the type-species by monotypy. Though his premises 

 were unsound, Riley's action constitutes a valid type-selei tion "t the above species, which is 

 far removed from the " Coppers " and belonging to the large (at present unrevised) assemblage 

 of largely New World " Flairstreak " Lycaenids, known loosely as the Strymonids. 



The overthrow of the long-established use of the name Chrysophanus for the " Coppers " 

 and its transfer to the Strymonid " Hairstreaks " would have caused an intolerable state of 

 confusion. It was accordingly decided to call in the aid ol the Commission. In the form 

 finally adopted this application asked lor the suspension of the name Chrysophanus Hiibner, 

 1818, under the Plenary Lowers lor the purposes of the Law of Priority but not for those of 

 the Law of Homonymy. The effect of the decision would make it impossible thereafter 

 validly to use the generic name Chrysophanus Hiibner and impossible also to use any later 

 generic name consisting of the word " Chrysophanus ", as any such name would be invalid as a 

 junior homonym of Chrysophanus Hiibner which under the proposal was to be kept alive for 

 this limited purpose only. 



The proposal so submitted was approved by the Commission, the decision of that body 

 being embodied in its Opinion 541. This was published in 1959 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. 

 Nom. 20 : 87-102). By the ruling so given the generic name Chrysophanus Flubner, 1818, 

 was suppressed under the I J lenary Powers. On being so invalidated, this name was then plac- 

 ed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology as Name No. 1235. 



CHRYSOPLECTR UM Watson, 1893, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 17, 24. Type-species by 

 original designation : Eudamus otriades Hewitson, 1867, Descr. One Hundred new Spec. 

 Hesp. [1] : 6. 



CHRYSOPTERA Tutt, 1906, Ent. Rec. 18 : 131 (an Incorrect Subsequent Spelling of Chysop- 

 tera Zinchen, 181 7). 



CHRYSORITIS Butler, [April 1898], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897 (4) : 848. Type-species by 

 original designation : Zeritis oreas Trimen, 1891, Proc. zool. soc. Lond. 1891 : 176. 



CHRYSORYCHIA Wallengren, 1857, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm (n.f.) 2 (1) 

 (No. 4) : 44. Type-species by selection by Scudder 1875 (Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 

 10 : 142) : Papilio thyra Linnaeus, 1764, Mus. Lud. Ulr. : 329. 



