122 FRANCIS HEMMING 



going sense was submitted to the Commission. The request so made was approved by the 

 Commission at its Session held at Lisbon in September 1935. Administrative and other 

 difficulties prevented the Commission from taking immediate action to give effect to this and 

 other decisions taken at Lisbon. In the present case the Commission's decision was promul- 

 gated in Opinion 146 published in September 1943 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 1 : 109- 

 121). 



By the ruling given in the foregoing Opinion the Commission acting under its Plenary 

 Powers designated Papilio hyale Linnaeus, 1758, to be the type-species of the genus Colias 

 Fabricius, 1807. At the same time the name Colias Fabricius, so defined, was placed on the 

 Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. When later the entries on the Official List were 

 given consecutive Name Nos., the name Colias Fabricius was allotted the Name No. 572. 



COLIAS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : 99. Type-species by selection by Hem- 

 ming (1939, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 8 : 136) : Papilio sennae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. 

 (ed. 10) 1 : 470. 



This is one of a number of cases in which in the Vevzeichniss Hiibner appropriated as his own 

 a name already published by another author. The name Colias Hiibner is invalid as being a 

 junior homonym of the name Colias Fabricius, 1807. 



COLIASTES Hemming, 1931, Entomologist 64 : 273. Type-species by original designation : 

 Papilio hyale Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 469. 



This name was introduced by myself to provide a nomenclatorially available name for 

 Papilio hyale Linnaeus when it became apparent that under the Code the name Colias Fab- 

 ricius was not properly applicable to the above species and before I decided to join with others 

 in asking the Commission to use its Plenary Powers to validate the use of the name Colias 

 Fabricius for Papilio hyale. Following the adoption by the Commission of its Opinion 146 

 Papilio hyale Linnaeus, 1758, became (as explained in the note on Colias Fabricius) the valid 

 type-species of that genus. In consequence the name Coliastes Hemming is now invalid as a 

 junior objective synonym of Colias Fabricius. 



COLIATES Scudder, 1875, Mem. amer. Ass. Adv. Sci. 1 : 51. Type-species by monotypy : 



Collates proserpina Scudder, 1875, ibid. 1 : 51. 

 This is a fossil genus. 

 COLOBURA Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 79. Type-species by monotypy : 



Papilio dirce Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 477. 



COLOTIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : 97. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 146-147) : Papilio amata Fabricius, 

 1775, Syst. Ent. : 476. 



For a long time there was considerable difficulty in determining the nominal species to be 

 accepted as the type-species of this genus. This was due in part to the rather obscure nature 

 of the type-selection made by Scudder in 1875 and in part to the ambiguity in the Code as to 

 the species to be accepted as the originally included species of any given genus. Fortunately, 

 as will be seen below, these difficulties disappeared with the publication of the present revised 

 Code. The details of this case are set out below. 



Hiibner recognized seven species as belonging to the genus Colotis. Of these the first five 

 are currently treated as belonging to the genus Colias Fabricius, the last two to the present 

 genus. Of these, the first (Species No. 1033) Hiibner called by the name calais, which he 

 attributed to Cramer, though in fact it was published by Stoll after Cramer's death and for this 

 he cited the plate and figure reference " 351. A. B. ". The second of Hiibner's species (No. 

 1034) he called by the name cypraea Fabricius. Throughout his work Scudder followed the 

 taxonomic disposition made by Kirby in his Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep. of 1871 . When dealing with 

 the nominal species here in question Kirby ( : 499) identified Papilio calais, as figured by Stoll 

 on plate 351, and also as previously figured by Cramer himself on plate 53, with the nominal 

 species Papilio amata Fabricius, 1775. He identified with that species also the nominal 

 species Papilio cypraea Fabricius, 1787. Thus, the nominal species recognized by Hiibner as 



