GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 139 



also the lectotype of Damis sebae Boisduval. By this action the name Damis sebae Boisduval 

 became a junior objective synonym of Papilio danis Cramer. 



The name Damis Boisduval is invalid, as being a junior objective synonym of Danis 

 l'abricius, 1807, Papilio danis Cramer being the type-species of each of these genera. 



DAMORA Nordmann, 1851, Bull. Soc. imp. Xat. Moscou 24 (4) : 439. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Damora paulina Nordmann, 1851, ibid. 24 (4) : 440, pi. 11, figs 1, 2 $. 



At the species level the nominal species Damora paulina is currently considered subjectively 

 on taxonomic grounds to represent the female of the taxon, of which the male is represented 

 by the older-established nominal sp» Les Argynnis sagana Doubleday, [1847] (Gen. diurn. Lep. 

 (1) : pi. 21, fig. 1 o"). The name paulina Nordmann has in the past often been sunk as a 

 junior subjective synonym of sagana Doubleday ; more recently specialists have taken the 

 subjective view that the taxa bearing these names are subspecifically distinct from one another. 



DAXAIDA Latreille, 1804, Nouv. Did. Hist. nat. 24 (Tab.) : 185, 199. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Papilio pie xippus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 471. 



Latreille gave a diagnosis of this genus on page 185, but did not there cite any nominal 

 species as belonging to this genus. On page 199 however he cited the above species in a 

 comparison between his taxonomic ideas with those of Fabricius. 



The name Danaida Latreille is invalid, as it is a junior objr< tive synonym of Danaus Kluk, 

 1802. 



DANAlS Latreille, 1807, Mag. f. Insektenh. (Illiger) 6 : 291. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Papilio pie xippus Linnaeus, 1758. 



The name Danais Latreille is invalid, as it is a junior objective synonym of Danaus Kluk, 



1802. 



DANAOMORPHA Kremky, 1925, Ann. zool. Mus. poUui Hist. nat. 4 : 164, 167. Type-species 



by monotype : Papilio gilippus Cramer, [1775], Uitl. Kappellen 1 (3) : 41, pi. 26, figs E, F. 



The name Danaomorpha Kremky is invalid, as it is a junior objective synonym of Anosia 



Hubner, 1816. 



DANAUS Kluk, 1802, Zivierz. Hist. nat. pocz. gospod. 4 : 84. Type-species by selection by 

 Hemming (1933, Entomologist 66 : 222) : Papilio plexippus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Xat. 

 (ed. 10) 1 : 471 as defined by the neotype designated by the Commission in Opinion 282, 

 with the Restricted Locality " Kendall, New York State, U.S.A." 



Both the generic name to be used for the nominal species Papilio plexippus Linnaeus, 1758, 

 and also the interpretation of that nominal species were formerly the subject of much discussion 

 and confusion. The first of these difficulties was put at rest when it was discovered that the 

 various names bestowed upon this genus by Latreille were all later in date than the previously 

 overlooked name Danaus Kluk, 1802. That name was placed by the Commission in its 

 Opinion 278 (1954, Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 6 : 135-178) on the Official List of Generic 

 Names in Zoology as Name No. 699. 



The difficulty of interpretation of the nominal species Papilio plexippus Linnaeus arose 

 from the fact that when it was established in 1758, Linnaeus confused two entirely different 

 species under this name. The first of these was the predominantly New World species known 

 in North America as " The Monarch " ; the second an Indo-Oriental species, of which 

 specimens from Canton had been sent to Linnaeus by Osbeck. This second species was later 

 given the name Papilio genutia. 



At the time when this matter was brought before the Commission the specific name plex- 

 ippus Linnaeus had already been widely used for both the above species and was still commonly 

 so employed. It was evident therefore that, whatever decision the Commission might take 

 as to the interpretation of the Linnaean species, a different specific name would have to be 

 employed in future for one or other of the two species concerned. After replies had been 

 received to a widely distributed questionnaire issued by the Office of the Commission, it was 

 decided that the balance of advantage lay in favour of the application of the name plexippus 

 Linnaeus to the New World species known as " The Monarch ". The Commission accordingly 



