162 FRANCIS HEMMING 



nymy ; accordingly, as the oldest available specific name, clarus Cramer is (subjectively) the 

 valid name for the present species. 

 EPEUS Godman, [1901], in Godman & Salvin, Biol, centr .-amer . , Lep. Rhop. 2 : 601. Type- 

 species by monotypy : Epeus veleda Godman ,[1901], in Godman & Salvin, ibid., Lep. Rhop. 

 2 : 601, pi. 103, figs 21, 22, 23 o*- 



The name Epeus Godman is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Epeus Peckham, 1885 

 {Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 6 : 334) and also of Epeus Kuwert, 1898 (Novit. zool. 5 : 311). 



The name Epeus Godman, which was published in February 1901, was replaced by Godman 

 with the name Eprius in November of the same year. 



EPHIRIADES Hiibner, [1826], Verz. bekannt. Schmett., Anzeiger : 5 (an Incorrect Subsequent 

 Spelling of Ephyriades Hiibner, [1819]). 



EPHYRIAD ES Hiibner, [1 819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : in. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 164) : Papilio otreus Stoll, [1780], in 

 Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (28) : 78, pi. 328, fig. F. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Papilio otreus Stoll is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older-estab- 

 lished nominal species Papilio philemon Fabricius, 1775 (Syst. Ent. : 534). Further, the taxon 

 represented by the nominal species Papilio philemon Fabricius is currently regarded subjective- 

 ly on taxonomic grounds as being a subspecies of the taxon represented by the nominal species 

 Papilio areas Drury, [1773] {III. nat. Hist. 1 : index et 38, pi. 19, figs 5, 6). 



EPICALIA Doubleday, 1844, List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1 : 90. Type-species by selection 

 by Hemming (1943, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 12 : 27) : Papilio antiochus Fabricius, 1775, 

 Syst. Ent. : 480. 



In the note on the name Catonephele Hiibner, [18 19] particulars have been given regarding 

 certain lectotype-selections made by myself in 1964 {Annot. lep. (3) : 96) which have a direct 

 bearing not only upon the status of the name Catonephele but also upon that of the present 

 genus. The action then taken included the selection of the specimen shown on fig. 3 of plate 68 

 of Daubenton's " Planches enluminees d'Histoire Naturelle " to represent the lectotype (a) of 

 Papilio antiochus Fabricius, 1775, and (b) of Papilio acontius Linnaeus, 1771 (Mantissa Plant. 

 : 537) this action being rendered possible by the fact that fig. 3 (together with fig. 4) on Dau- 

 benton's plate 68 was cited in the synonymy given at the time of the original publication of 

 each of the above names. Under the foregoing lectotype-selections the name Papilio antio- 

 chus Fabricius becomes a junior objective synonym of the name Papilio acontius Linnaeus. 

 Quite apart from this, the name Papilio antiochus Fabricius was already invalid under the Law 

 of Homonymy by being a junior homonym of the name Papilio antiochus Linnaeus, 1767 

 (Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 1 : 1068). 



Under another of the lectotype-selections made in the paper referred to above (: 97) the 

 lectotype of Papilio antiochus Fabricius, one of the nominal species on which Hiibner based the 

 nominal species Catonephele eupalemaena ([1919], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (3) : 40), was selected 

 to represent the lectotype of that nominal species also. As the result of this lectotype- 

 selection the nominal species Catonephele eupalemaena Hiibner became an objective synonym 

 both of Papilio antiochus Fabricius and of Papilio acontius Linnaeus. Since Catonephele 

 eupaleaena Hiibner is the type-species of Catonephele Hiibner, [1819], while the objectively 

 identical nominal species Papilio antiochus Fabricius is, as shown above, the type-species of 

 Epicalia Doubleday, 1844, it follows that the name Epicalia Doubleday is invalid, as a junior 

 objective synonym of Catonephele Hiibner, each of these genera having as its type-species a 

 nominal species having the same specimen as its lectotype. 



EPICALIA Boisduval, 1870, Consid. Lipid. Guatemala : 40. Type-species by selection by 

 Hemming (1943, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 12 : 27) : Papilio numilia Cramer, [1775], Uitl. 

 Kapellen 1 (7) : 128, pi. 81, figs E, F. 



This is another case in which owing to dilatoriness Boisduval was anticipated by another 

 author (in this case, Doubleday) in publishing a name distributed by himself long before as a 



