GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 175 



fore that the name Eugonia Hiibner ranks as a junior subjective synonym of Polygonia for all 

 who regard the respective type-species of those genera to be congeneric with one another. 



EUGRAMMA Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 78. Type-species through Section (i) 

 (replacement names) of Article 67 : Papilio cydippe Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 1 (2) : 

 776. 



The name Eugramma was proposed by Billberg as a replacement for the name Cethosia 

 Fabricius, 1807. That name is however an available name under the Code and therefore in 

 no need of replacement. The name Eugramma Billberg is therefore invalid as a junior objec- 

 tive synonym of Cethosia Fabricius. 



The name Papilio cydippe Linnaeus, 1767, the type-species of this genus was invalid as a 

 junior homonym of Papilio cydippe Linnaeus, 1761, until in 1958 it was validated by the 

 Commission under its Plenary Powers in Opinion 501. Full particulars of the action so 

 taken have been given in the note of the name Cethosia Fabricius, 1807. 



EUGRAPHIS Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 75. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Papilio hypsipyle Fabricius, 1777, Gen. Ins. : 265. 



Until the early years of the XXth century the type-species of the present genus was known 

 by the name Papilio poly xena [I >enis & Schiffermiiller], 1775 (Ankiindung syst. Werkes Schmett. 

 Wiener Gegend : 162), but later the use of this name was discontinued, it being believed that it 

 was invalid as a junior homonym of Papilio polyxena Cramer, [1775] {('ill. Kapellen 1 (5) : 

 85). The relative precedence to be accorded to the names published in 1775 by Denis & 

 Schiffermiiller, Cramer and others remained a matter of doubt until in 1058 the Commission 

 promulgated its Opinion 516 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. X<>m. 19 : 1-44), in which it gave 

 directions under its Plenary Powers, inter alia, that precedence be given to the names 

 published in that year by Denis & Schiffermiiller over those so published by Cramer. Thus, 

 under the ruling given in this Opinion the name Papilio polyxena [Denis & Schiltermuiiller], 

 1775, takes precedence over the name Papilio polyxena Cramer, [1775]. \' < ordingly, on the 

 basis of the foregoing subjective synonymy the specific name polyxena [Denis & Schiffermiiller] 

 is now firmly established as the oldest available name applicable to the present species and is 

 its valid name. 



EUKORAMIUS Bryk, 1935, Das Thierreich 65 : 630, 673-674. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Parnassius imperator Oberthur, 1883, Bull. Soc. ent. /•>. 1883 : Ixxvii. 



Prior to the valid publication of this name in 1935 in the work cited above, it had been 

 published by Bryk in 1934 (Parnassiana 3 (3) : 43), but, as there published this name is invalid, 

 for, although Bryk designated a type-species (Parnassius imperator) he gave no diagnosis or 

 other indication whatever, the provision of which is an indispensible condition for the valid 

 publication of a generic name after 1930. 



EULACEURA Butler, [1872], Proc. zool. Soc. Loud. 1871 (3) : 726. Type-species by original 

 designation : Apatura osteria Westwood, [1850], in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2) : 305, 

 nota. 



EULACURA Butler, 1879, Trans, linn. Soc. Lond. (2) Zool. 1 (8) : 541 (an Incorrect Subsequent 

 Spelling of Eulaceura Butler, [1872]). 



EULEPIS Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 80. Type-species through Section (i) 

 (replacement names) of Article 67 : Papilio caricae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 484. 



This name was introduced by Billberg as a replacement for Nymphidium Fabricius, 1807. 

 This action was quite uncalled for, as the name Nymphidium is an available name not in any 

 sense in need of replacement. In consequence the name Eulepis Billberg is invalid as a junior 

 objective synonym of Nymphidium Fabricius, 1807. 



For the extraordinary misuse for a genus of Charaxid Nymphalids of the name Eulepis 

 which, as shown above, is a junior objective synonym of the name Nymphidium, a well-known 

 genus of Riodinids, see the explanation given in the immediately following entry. 



