182 FRANCIS HEMMING 



species Diadema damoclina Trimen, 1869 {Trans, linn. Soc. Lond. 26 : 505, nota). In turn, the 

 taxon represented by the last-mentioned nominal species is currently considered subjectively 

 on taxonomic grounds to be an infra-subspecific form of the taxon represented by the older - 

 established nominal species Diadema anthedon Doubleday, 1845 {Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 16 : 

 281). 



EUREMA Htibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmetl. (6) : 96. Type-species by selection by Butler 

 (1870, Cistula ent. : 35) : Papilio delia Cramer, [1780], Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23) : 144, pi. 273, 

 fig. A. 



Hiibner introduced the name Eurema demoditas { : 96) as a replacement name for Papilio 

 delia Cramer, [1780], which he cited in the synonymy of his new nominal species. As shown 

 above, Papilio delia Cramer was selected as the type-species by Butler in 1870. As this 

 nominal species is objectively identical with Eurema demoditas, one of the originally included 

 species of this genus, Butler's selection was accepted by subsequent authors, though by some — 

 e.g. by myself in 1934 {Gen. Names hoi. Butts 1 : 135) it was then considered necessary to cite 

 the type-species of a genus under the name used for that species by the original author; in 

 consequence, Eurema Hiibner was cited as havrngEurema demoditas Hiibner as its type-species. 

 However, by a resolution taken by the International Congress of Zoology in Paris in 1948 it 

 was decided that when on the establishment of a nominal genus, an author cited synonyms for 

 the names of any of the species which he included in that genus, the names so cited in syno- 

 nymy are themselves to be accepted as the names of originally included species. This decision 

 was incorporated into the revised Code, published in 1961, where it appears in Article 69(a) (i). 

 Accordingly, as it was under the name Papilio delia Cramer that the type-species of this genus 

 was selected by Butler, it is the nominal species so named which should be cited as the type- 

 species of this genus. 



The name Papilio delia, as applied to the present species, is invalid, as it is a junior homonym 

 of the name Papilio delia [Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775] {Ankiindung syst. Werkes Schmett. 

 Wiener Gegend : 179). Accordingly, as the oldest available name objectively applicable to 

 the present species, the name Eurema demoditas Hiibner is the name which should be used. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Eurema demoditas Hiibner [1819], is currently 

 considered subjectively on taxonomic grounds to represent the same taxon as that represented 

 by the nominal species Pieris daira Godart, [1819] {Ency. meth. 9 (Ins.) (1 : 137). The exact 

 dates on which in 1819 the relevant portion of Hiibner 's Verzeichniss and the first part of 

 Godart's contribution to the Ency. meth. were respectively published are not known. Accord- 

 ingly, there is no certain evidence as to the relative precedence which should be accorded to 

 the names Eurema demoditas Hiibner and Pieris daira Godart respectively. In these circum- 

 stances, some choice is necessary for practical purposes. In this case this choice is not 

 difficult, for the species-group name daira Godart is well-known and has been used extensively, 

 while the name demoditas is not. Preference is therefore here given to the name daira Godart 

 over the name demoditas Hiibner. Accordingly, the name daira Godart is here treated as the 

 oldest available name subjectively applicable to the present species and therefore as being its 

 valid name. 



EUREMA Doubleday, 1844, List, lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1 : 83. Type-species by selection by 

 Hemming (1933, Entomologist 66 : 223) : Papilio lethe Fabricius, 1793, Ent. syst. 3 (1) : 80, 

 The name Eurema Doubleday is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Eurema Hiibner 

 [1819]. 



EURHINIA Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), [1867], Reise Fregatte " Novara ", Lep. Rhop. (3) : 405. 

 Type-species by selection by Hemming (1943, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 12 : 27-28) : Papilio 

 polynice Cramer, [1779], Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17) : 4, pi. 195, figs D, E. 



The authors of this name placed in this genus three new nominal species and one long- 

 established nominal species, Papilio polynice Cramer. Of these four taxa, the three new 

 nominal species are now currently identified as forms of the fourth. Scudder, when dealing 

 with this name in 1875 {Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 173-174), unfortunately 



