GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 189 



the type-species of the genus Symphaedra Hiibner. For those who took the view that these 

 species were congeneric with one another, the names Euthalia and Symphaedra were subjective 

 synonyms of one anther. As these names were published on the same date and in the same 

 work (Euthalia on page 41 ; Symphaedra on page 40), the question arose as to which of these 

 names should be given precedence over the other. This was a question on which at that time 

 there was no clear provision in the Code, some authors adopting the First Reviser Principle (a 

 course which in retrospect is now seen to have been correct), while others, including the 

 majority of lepidopterists, guided themselves by the so-called Page Precedence Principle. 

 Thus, from the standpoint of this last group of specialists the name Euthalia Hiibner would be 

 a junior subjective synonym of Symphaedra Hiibner for any worker who might identify with 

 one another the genera bearing these names. From the point of view of stability in nomen- 

 clature, the rejection of the name Euthalia in favour of the name Symphaedra would have been 

 open to very strong objection : the genus Euthalia is a large and highly characteristic genus 

 of Indo-Oriental Nymphalids, while Symphaedra, as hitherto interpreted, consists of a single 

 species occurring in Ceylon, Southern India and Sikkim. 



To obviate the risks described above, it was decided to ask the Commission to give a ruling 

 which would protect the name Euthalia Hiibner from the danger of attack by the name 

 Symphaedra Hiibner on grounds of priority. An application in this sense was submitted to the 

 Commission jointly by myself and Mr. X I >. Riley in ( )ctober 1934. It was approved by that 

 body at its meeting held at Lisbon in September 1934 but various causes combined to delay 

 the promulgation of Opinion 167, containing that decision, until 1945 {Opin. int. Comm. 

 zool. Nom. 2 : 399-410). By the ruling given in that Opinion it was directed that the Law 

 of Priority should not be invoked to secure precedence for the name Symphaedra Hiibner 

 over the name Euthalia Hiibner, and the name Euthalia Hiibner, so endorsed, was placed on 

 the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as Name No. 613. 



EUTHALEOPSIS Fruhstorfer, [191 3], in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9 : 695 (an Incorrect Subse- 

 quent Spelling of Euthaliopsis Neervoort van de Poll, 1896). 



EUTHALIOPSIS Neervoort van de Poll, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus. 17 : 205. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Adolias aetion Hewitson, [1862], III. exot. Butts 3 : [59], pi. [30], figs 6, 7. 



EUTHECTA Bennett, 1954, Entomologist 87 : 170. Type-species by original designation : 

 Euthecta cooksoni Bennett, 1954, ibid. 87 : 711, 182, fig. 1 ($ genit.) 



EUTHYMELE Mabille, 1878, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21 : 24. Type-species by selection by 

 Lindsey (1925, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 18 : 86) : Hesperia mercatus Fabricius, 1793, Ent. 

 syst. 3 (1) : 332. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Hesperia mercatus Fabricius is currently 

 treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older- 

 established nominal species Papilio fulgerator Walch, 1775 (Der Naturforscher 7 : 115, pi. 1, 

 figs 2a, 2b). 



EUTHYMUS Scudder, 1872, 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. 1871 : 77. Type-species by 

 original designation : Papilio phyleus Drury, [1773], ///. nat. Hist. 1 : index et 25, pi. 13, 

 figs 4, 5 6*. 



The name Euthymus Scudder is invalid, because it is a junior homonym of Euthymus 

 Rafinesque, 1815 (Analyse Nature : 127). Even if Euthymus Scudder had not been invalid 

 under the Law of Homonymy, it would still have been invalid, as it is a junior objective syno- 

 nym of Hylephila Billberg, 1820. 



EUTOCUS Godman, [1901], in Godman & Salvin, Biol, centr .-amer . , Lep. Rhop. 2 : 599. 

 Type-species by original designation : Eutocus phthia Godman, [1901], in Godman & 

 Salvin, ibid., Lep. Rhop. 2 : 600, pi. 103, figs 18, 19, 20 <J. 



The taxon represented by Eutocus phthia Godman is currently treated subjectively on 

 taxonomic grounds as representing the same taxon as that represented by the older-established 

 nominal species Apaustus facilis Plotz, 1884 (Stetl. ent. Ztg 45 : 158). 



