GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 207 



type-species of the present genus) falls as a junior subjective synonym of the specific name 

 dohertyi Oberthur. 



Like the names of the species discussed above, the names of the genera in which those 

 species were placed by Oberthur — that is, Hamadryopsis Oberthur and Drnsillopsis Oberthur 

 — were also then newly introduced. In consequence, the relative precedence to be accorded 

 to these generic names depends on the choice made by the First Reviser. This choice was 

 made by myself in 1964 (Annot. Up. (3) : 77), when I selected the name Drnsillopsis Oberthur 

 to take precedence over the name Hamadryopsis Oberthur. 



It may be noted that in the same paper Fruhstorfer quite incorrectly rejected both the name 

 Hamadryopsis Oberthur and the name Drnsillopsis on the ground that Oberthur had not 

 characterized the taxa to which he applied these names. Having done this, Fruhstorfer 

 adopted the name Hamadryopsis as his own and provided a diagnosis of his own for the genus 

 so named. 



HAMANUMIDA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (2) : 18. Type-species by selection 

 by Scudder (1874, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 183) : Papilio meleagris Cramer, 

 Uitl. Kapellen 1 (6) : 102, pi. 66, figs A, B. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Papilio meleagris Cramer, [1775], is currently 

 identified subjectively with the taxon represented by the nominal species Papilio daedalus 

 Fabricius, 1775 (Syst. Ent. : 482). As these names were both published in 1775, the 

 relative precedence to be accorded to them was a matter of doubt until in 1958 (Opin. int. 

 Comm. zool. Nom. 19 : 1-44) the Commission promulgated its Opinion 516, in which it 

 ruled, inter alia, that the Syst. Ent. of Fabricius of 1 775 was to be accorded precedence over the 

 portions of Cramer's Uitl. Kapellen published in the same year. 



HAMEARIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (2) : 19. Type-species by selection by 

 Curtis (1830, Brit. Entom. 7 : pi. 316) : Papilio lucina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 

 480. 



Note must here be taken of a formerly widespread misuse of the name Hamearis Hiibner 

 which arose out of a faulty action taken by Scudder in 1875 {Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 

 Boston 10 : 183). Scudder was aware that in 1830 Curtis had selected Papilio lucina Linnaeus 

 to be the type-species of this genus but he rejected that selection on the ground — erroneous 

 under the present Code — that it was ineligible for selection as the tvpe-species of Hamearis 

 at the time (1830) when it was so selected by Curtis because it had ahead)- been made the type- 

 species of a different genus (Nemeobius Stephens, 1827). On this argument the genus Hamea- 

 ris Hiibner was still without a valid type-species and Scudder attempted to make good this 

 deficiency by selecting as the type-species Papilio epulus Cramer, [1775] (Uitl. Kapellen 1 (5) : 

 29, pi. 50, figs C, D). Owing to the great prestige in which Scudder's work was held, his in- 

 correct disposition of the genus was accepted for a long time. It continued for some time 

 after Scudder's mistake had been detected and the name Hamearis had been correctly brought 

 into use for Papilio lucina. The development of this anomalous situation was due, it may be 

 assumed, to the fact that the true type-species of Hamearis is a purely palaearctic genus, while 

 the pseudotype set up by Scudder is confined to the Neotropical Region of the New World, 

 with the result that there were few authors whose work led them to deal with both of these 

 widely separated groups. Authors who realized that the name Hamearis could not properly 

 be used for Papilio epulus attempted to overcome the difficulty by — incorrectly — referring 

 that species to the genus Lemonias Hiibner. It was when I was considering the position of the 

 last-mentioned generic name that I realized that the only way of establishing order in this 

 case would be by establishing a new nominal genus having Papilio epulus Cramer as type- 

 species. This I did in 1934 when I introduced the new genus Audre Hemming. 



HAMES Westwood, [1851], in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2) : 366. Type-species by mono- 

 typy : Papilio chorinaeus Fabricus, 1775, Syst. Ent. : 484. 



The name Hames Westwood was introduced in the synonymy of the genus Caerois Hiibner, 

 [1823], where it was cited as manuscript name of Boisduval's. As a name published in a 



