218 FRANCIS HEMMING 



type-species the nominal species Papilio speculum Rottemburg, 1775 (Der Naturforscher 6 : 31), 

 another nominal species considered to represent the same taxon as that represented by the 

 nominal species Papilio morpheus Pallas. The selection made by Kirby is invalid because 

 Papilio speculum was not one of the nominal species placed in the genus Heteropterus by 

 Duponchel in 1835, as for the same reason are all selections by later authors of Papilio 

 morpheus Pallas. The genus remained without a validly selected type-species until Papilio 

 aracinthus Fabricius, 1777, was so selected by myself in (1934 : I ^>7)- 



It will be seen from the foregoing particulars that Papilio aracinthus Fabricius, the name of 

 the type-species of this genus, is currently treated as a junior subjective synonym of the name 

 Papilio morpheus Pallas, 1771. 



HETEROSAIS Godman & Salvin [1880], Biol, centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1 : 60. Type-species by 

 original designation : Ithomia nephele Bates, 1862, Trans, linn. Soc. Lond. 23 (3) : 548. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Ithomia nephele Bates is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as a subspecies of the taxon represented by the older- 

 established nominal species Ithomia edessa Hewitson, [1854] III. exot. Butts 1 : [33], pi. [17], 

 fig. 42). 

 HETEROSCADA Schatz, [December, 1886], in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett., Bd 1 

 (Th. 2) (2) : pi. 11. Type-species by monotypy : Heliconia gazoria Godart, [1819], Ency. 

 mlth. 9 (Ins.) (1) : 214. 



The text relating to this generic name, which was included in Lieferung 3, was not published 

 until September 1887, when Schatz cited a second nominal species (Ithomia fenella Hewitson, 

 [1867], 77/. exot. Butts 4 : [20], pi. [11], fig. 159) as belonging to this genus; as shown above, 

 however, its type-species had been determined as Heliconia gazoria Godart by monotypy as 

 from the time nine months earlier on the publication of Lieferung 2, in which this species alone 

 had been figured on plate 1 1 . 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Heliconia gazoria Godart is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older- 

 established nominal species Papilio karschina Herbst, 1792 (in Jablonsky, Natursyst. Ins., 

 Schmett. 5 : 26, pi. 83, figs 5, 6). 



HEUREMA Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. zool. ($to ed.), Index univ. : 181 (an Unjustified Emenda- 

 tion of Eurema Hiibner, [18 19], a genus belonging to the family Pieridae). 



HEUREMA Herrich-Schaeffer, 1865, CorrespBl. zool. min. Ver. Regensburg 19 : 89 (repaged 

 offprint as Prodromus . . 1 : 71). 



This alleged name owes its origin to a misunderstanding on the part of Herrich-Schaeffer, 

 by whom it was attributed to Agassiz and used for the same species as Doubleday in 1844 had 

 placed in his then new genus Eurema (a genus of the family Nymphalidae) . The mistake made 

 by Herrich-Schaeffer was in thinking that Agassiz had introduced the name Heurema as an 

 emendation of the Nymphalid genus Eurema Doubleday, 1844; what in fact that author had 

 done was to introduce the name Heurema as an emendation of the Pierid genus Eurema 

 Hiibner, [1819]. Herrich-Schaeffer would never have introduced the name Heurema, if it had 

 not been for this misreading of the action of Agassiz; in this sense therefore there is, properly 

 speaking, no such genus as Heurema Herrich-Schaeffer. If that author had deliberately 

 introduced the name Heurema, it would have been a junior objective synonym of Eurema 

 Doubleday, and as pointed out by myself in 1939 (Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 8 : 134) the 

 genus so established would have had as its type-species Papilio lethe Fabricius, 1793 (Ent. 

 syst. 3 (1) : 80), that being the type-species of Eurema Doubleday. 



HEUREMA Herrich-Schaeffer, 1867, CorrespBl. zool. min. Ver. Regensburg 21 : 105, 128. 

 Type-species by monotypy : Terias impura Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865, Essai Faun. ent. 

 Archipel Indo-Neerland., Monogr. 1 (Fam. Pier.) : 70, pi. fig. 5. 



As here used, the name Heurema was attributed by Herrich-Schaeffer to himself as the 

 name for a new genus of the family Pieridae. In view of his previous use of this name for a 

 Nymphalid genus, this action of his is incomprehensible, unless it is assumed that in the mean- 



