22 4 FRANCIS HEMMING 



should use its Plenary Powers to ensure that the well-known Fabrician names of 1807 should 

 not be invalidated through the discovery of the long-overlooked Illigerian counterparts. 

 Prominent among the names concerned was Mechanitis, for, if that name as published by 

 Illiger had been permitted to invalidate the Fabrician version under the Law of Homonym y, 

 the name would have had to be transferred from its well-known position in the Ithomiidae and 

 transferred to some genus for which it had never been used since the time of Illiger. Full 

 particulars regarding this application and of the action taken on it by the Commission have 

 been given in the note on the name Apatura [Illiger] (the first in alphabetical order of the 

 Illigerian names concerned) and it is therefore not necessary here fully to recapitulate the 

 later history of this case. It is sufficient for the present purposes to state that, as part of the 

 general settlement then agreed upon by the Commission the name Mechanitis Fabricius, 1807, 

 was validated under the Plenary Powers and placed on the Official List of Generic Names in 

 Zoology as Name No. 661. Accordingly, the name Hymenitis [Illiger], 1807, here in question 

 falls into the synonymy of Mechanitis Fabricius, 1807 as a junior objective synonym. 



HYMENITIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (1) : 8. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 193) : Hymenitis diaphane Hiibner, 

 1816, ibid. (1) : 8. 



The name Hymenitis Hiibner is invalid as a junior homonym of Hymenitis [Illiger], 1807. 

 It has been replaced by the name Greta Hemming, 934. 



HYPANARTIA Hiibner, [1821], Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pi. [26]. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Hypanartia demonica Hiibner, [1821], ibid. 2 : pi. [26] fig. M.i (the specimen shown in that 

 figure having been selected by Hemming (1964, Annot. lep. (3) : 98) to represent the lectotype). 



There are three plates (pis [25], [26], [27]) in volume 2 of Hiibner's Sammll exot. Schmett. 

 depicting species placed by Hiibner in the genus Hypanartia. Of these, pi. [26] was published 

 in 1821, and pis [25] and [27] in 1823. Accordingly, only the species represented on pi. [25] 

 ranks as an originally included species. This was the new species Hypanartia demonica, which 

 is therefore the type-species by monotypy. Scudder, who did not know the dates of publica- 

 tion of these plates, treated them all (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 193) as 

 having been published simultaneously and on this basis selected Hypanartia tecmesia (then 

 also a new species), figured on Hiibner's plate [27], to be the type-species. This action was 

 invalid, for, as shown above, Hypanartia demonica had already been the type-species by mono- 

 typy two years before the publication of the plate illustrating Hypanartia tecmesia. The 

 taxa represented by these two nominal species are closely allied to one another and are today 

 still considered to be congeneric with one another. 



It has long been realized that Hiibner confused two different species with one another under 

 the name Hypanartia demonica, treating one as the male (figs M.i, 2) of that species and the 

 other (figs F.3, 4) as the female. The name demonica has been used for the species which 

 Hiibner treated as the male, while the taxon which he treated as the female of demonica is 

 currently treated as being the same as that represented by the older-established nominal 

 species Papilio bella Fabricius, 1793 (Ent. syst. 3 (1) : 79). This treatment of the figures 

 given by Hiibner for Hypanartia demonica rested solely upon a customary basis until (as shown 

 at the head of the present note) I selected the specimen shown as fig. M. 1 on Hiibner's plate 

 [26] to represent the lectotype of the above species. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Hypanartia demonica Hiibner, as interpreted 

 by the lectotype referred to above, is currently treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as 

 being the same as that represented by the older-established nominal species Papilio lethe 

 Fabricius, 1793 {Ent. syst. 3 (1) : 80). 



HYPANIS Boisduval, 1833, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist, nat., Paris 2 (2) : 203 (repaged offprint as 

 Faun. ent. Madagascar, Lep. : 55). Type-species by monotypy : Hypanis anvatara Boisduval, 

 1833, ibid. 2 (2) : 204, pi. 7, fig. 5 (: 56 in repaged offprint). 



The name Hypanis Boisduval is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Hypanis Menetries, 

 1832 (Cat. raison. Zool. Caucas. : 271). 



