GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 227 



German vernacular name " Hypolimnaden " and by the Latin name " Hypolimnades "; (b) 

 Below these main headings are listed the eleven nominal species recognized as belonging to 

 this genus; in all except the first case the generic name is indicated only by the initial " H. "; 

 in the case of the leading species appearing however by the spelling " . . Hipolimnas ". There 

 is an enormous literature relating to this name and all the authors who have used it have used 

 the " y " spelling. There has indeed been no discussion as to the relative merits of these two 

 spellings, the "i" spelling having been ignored or tacitly put on one side as an obvious mis- 

 spelling or printers' error, which is no doubt what it is. The present revised Code, unlike its 

 predecessor, makes express reference to the problem of multiple original spellings and lays 

 down a procedure for dealing with such cases (Article 32 (b)). Under this procedure it is 

 necessary to ascertain which of the alternative spellings was adopted by the First Reviser. 

 In the present case Hiibner himself was the first subsequent user. On the first occasion, 

 which was only two years after the publication of the relevant portion of the Verzeichniss ; this 

 was in 1821 in the Index exot. Lep. ([5]) and here Hiibner used the " y " spelling; he did the 

 same in 1826 in the index (Anzeiger : 6), where he gave an express reference to the species 

 (nos. 406-416), to the first of which (as shown above) he had in the main text employed the 

 defective " i " spelling. Fortunately, therefore under the provisions of the Code the spelling 

 " Hypolimnas " is, through the action of Hiibner himself, the Correct Original Spelling of this 

 generic name. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Papilio pipleis Linnaeus, the type-species of 

 this genus, is currently treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as the female of the taxon 

 of which the male is represented by the nominal species Papilio pandarns Linnaeus, 1758 

 (Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 461). As these names were published on the same date and in the same 

 work, the relative precedence to be accorded to them depends on the choice of the First 

 Reviser. In this case the First Reviser seems to have been Kirby who in 1871 (Syn. Cat. 

 diurn. Lep. : 225) adopted the specific name pandarus Linnaeus, sinking the name pipleis 

 Linnaeus as a junior subjective synonym. The precedence so established has been adopted by 

 all subsequent authors. 



HYPOLIMNESTHES Moore, [1898], Lep. ind. 3 (32) : 146, 154. Type-species by original 

 designation : Limenitis albomaculata Leech, 1891, Entomologist 24, Suppl. : 28. 



HYPOLYCAENA Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), 1862, Wien. ent. Monats. 6 : 293. Type-species by 

 selection by Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 195) : Myrina sipylus 

 Felder (C), i860, S. B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40 : 451. 



The authors of this generic name cited three nominal species as belonging to it; of these, the 

 second was a new species, Hypolycaena tharytas (: 294), the name applied to which having, it 

 was stated, been originally proposed by Boisduval in manuscript. The authors went on to 

 say that the taxon represented by this nominal species was, in their view, a, forma geographica 

 of the taxon represented by the nominal species Myrina sipylus which (as shown above had 

 been established by Cajetan Felder in i860). Scudder, when dealing with this generic name, 

 overlooked the above reference to Myrina sipylus, yet proceeded to designate it as the type- 

 species of this genus, justifying this action on the ground that, although (according to his 

 belief) that nominal species had not been cited by the authors of this generic name, it was 

 eligible for selection as type-species, because the taxon represented by it was the same as that 

 represented by the nominal species Hypolycaena tharytas which (as shown above) was one of 

 the originally included species. Scudder's argument was defective, but luckily his selection of 

 Myrina sipylus as type-species is perfectly valid, because, contrary to Scudder's belief, that 

 nominal species was (as shown above) cited by Cajetan & Rudolph Felder as belonging to this 

 genus. 



HYPOMELAENA Aurivillius, [1898], K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 31 (No. 5) : 

 222 (commonly cited as Rhopalocera aethiopica, the title of Aurivillius's paper). Type-species 

 by selection by Stichel (1939, in Bryk's Lep. Cat. 93 : 626) : Godartia trajanus Ward, 1871, 

 Ent. mon. Mag. 8 : 36. 



