GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 257 



LIBYTHEA Fabricius, 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6 : 284. Type species by selection of 

 Latreille (1810, Consid. gin. Anim. Crust. Arachn. Ins. : 440) : Papilio celtis Laicharting, 

 [1782], in Fuessly, Arch. Insectengesch. (Heft 2) (4) : i, pi. 8, figs 1, 2, 3. 



The question of the acceptability of Latreille's Consid. gin. as a work containing nomen- 

 clatorially valid type-selections was formerly a matter of doubt. These doubts were finally 

 set at rest in 1939 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Norn. 2 : 13-20) when, in an amplification of an 

 older Opinion (Opinion 11), the Commission promulgated its Opinion 136, which contained 

 detailed instructions as to the method to be adopted in interpreting Latreille's work. 



LIBYTHEANA Michener, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 1232 : 1, figs 4-6 (genit. of type- 

 species). Type-species by original designation : Libythea bachmanii Kirtland, 1852, 

 Amer. J. Sci. (Silliman) (2) 13 : 336-337, fig. [unnumbered]. 



LIBYTHINA Felder (C), 1861, Nova Acta Leop. Carol. 28 (No. 3) : 49. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Libythea cuvierii Godart, [18 19], Ency. meth. 9 (Ins.) (1) : 171. 



LICINIA Swainson, [1820], Zool. Illustr. (1) 1 : pi. 15. Type-species by original designation : 

 Papilio melite Linnaeus, 1763, Amoen. acad. 6 : 403. 



LICUS Hubner, [1823], Zutr. z. Samml. exot. Schmelt. 2 : 7. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1872, 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. 1871 : 52) : Papilio rubi Linnaeus, 1758, 

 Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 483. 



The name Liens of the Zutrage was probably but oat certainly -intended as an Emenda- 

 tion of Lycus of the Verzeichniss published in 1819, in v, In. b case it would have been a Justified 

 Emendation, as Lycus Hubner, [1819], is invalid as being a junior homonym oiLycus Fabricius, 

 1787 (the name of a genus of Coleoptera) ; it would however have itself been invalid, as a 

 junior objective synonym of Calloplnys Billberg, 1820. For this reason also, it would have 

 been invalid also, if it had been published in the Zutrdge as a new name, independent of the 

 earlier name Lycus Hubner, [1819]. 



LIGNYOSTOLA Mabille, 1888, Le Naturaliste (2) 2 : 221. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Lignyostola pamphigargyra Mabille, 1888, ibid. (2) 2 : 221. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Lignyostola pamphigargyra Mabille is cur- 

 rently treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being a subspecies of the taxon repre- 

 sented by the older-established nominal Papilio neleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 

 1 : 488). 



LIMBUSA Moore, [1897], Lep. ind. 3 (27) : 49. Type-species by original designation : 

 Adolias nara Moore, 1859, Trans, ent. Soc. Land. (2) 5 : 78, pi. 8, fig. 1 $. 



When establishing this nominal genus, Moore designated a type-species, but did not give a 

 generic diagnosis. Later, in the same volume in a Part published in the following year 

 ([1898], loc. cit. 3 (31) : 130) he made good this deficiency. 



LIMENITIS Fabricius, 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6 : 281. Type-species by selection 

 by Dalman (1816, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Hand!., Stockholm 1816 (No. 1) : 55) : Papilio 

 populi Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 476. 



The name Limenitis Fabricius is one of the best-known and longest-recognized generic 

 names in the family Nymphalidae, having been in continuous use for the large group of 

 predominantly Old World butterflies commonly known to English-speaking lepidopterists 

 as the " White Admirals ". The attempt made at the close of the XlXth century to secure 

 recognition for Hiibner's pamphlet the Tenlamen of 1806 would, if it had been successful, 

 have had the effect, inter alia, of invalidating the name Limenitis Fabricius, which would 

 have become a junior objective synonym of the name Najas of Hiibner's Tentamen. This 

 risk was fortunately averted by the decision of the Commission to reject the Tentamen for 

 nomenclatorial purposes given in its Opinion 97 (1926, Smithson. miscell. Coll. 73 (N.4) : 

 19-30) ; republished in facsimile in 1958 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 1 (B) : 355-366). 

 The action described above was completed by the Commission in 1954 when by the Ruling 

 given in its Opinion 278 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 6 : 135-178) it placed the name Najas 



