268 FRANCIS HEMMING 



was Staudinger when in 1861 (in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. Europa's : 4) he placed the 

 European " Blues " in the genus Lycaena and the European " Coppers " (equally incorrectly) 

 in the genus Polyommatus Latreille. The prestige of Staudinger's celebrated Catalog was so 

 great that for many years following 1861 his usage of the name Lycaena was adopted by 

 many authors. Moreover in 1875 (Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 209) an appear- 

 ance of justification for this usage was given by Scudder when, in rejecting (though without 

 justification) the type-selection made by Curtis in 1828, he sought to select the European 

 " Blue " Papilio endymion [Denis & Schiffermtiller], 1775, as type-species. The incorrect 

 use of Lycaena for the " Blues " continued unabated until in 1922 (Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 

 15 : 93) Barnes & Lindsey drew attention to Curtis' selection of the " Copper " Papilio 

 phlaeas as the type-species of Lycaena and urged the need for using that generic name in this 

 sense. Following the publication of the foregoing paper, American lepidopterists quickly 

 introduced the correct usage of this generic name, but they were not immediately followed 

 by those in Europe. For many years past however the incorrect usage of the name Lycaena 

 for the " Blues " has passed away, this generic name being correctly used for the " Coppers ". 



LYCAENA Hubner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (2) : 23. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Lycaena xenodice Hubner, [1819], ibid. (2) : 23. 



This is one of a number of cases in which Hubner took a name published by a previous 

 author and republished it in an entirely different sense as a new name of his own. The name 

 Lycaena Hubner is invalid as a junior homonym of Lycaena Fabricius, 1807 (discussed 

 immediately above). 



The nominal species was established solely upon the bibliographical reference " Echerius 

 Stoll. 31.1.A.1.B.", i.e. Papilio echerius Stoll, [1790] (Aanhangs. werk Uitl. Kapellen Pieter 

 Cramer : 140, pi. 131, figs ia, ib). The specific name xenodice Hubner, as an unnecessary 

 replacement name, is thus invalid as a junior objective synonym of the specific name echerius 

 Stoll. 



LYCAENESTHES Moore, [1866], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3) : 773. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Lycaenesthes bengalensis Moore, [1866], ibid. 1865 (3) : 773, pi. 41, fig. 9. 



LYCAENITES Rebel, 1898, S.B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 107 : 742-745. Type-species by 



monotypy : Lycaenites gabbroensis Rebel, 1898, ibid. 107 : 742-745, pi. 1, figs 6, 7 



(reconstruction) . 



The name Lycaenites gabbroensis was given by Rebel to a fossil found in the Miocene of 



Gabbro in Italy. Rebel placed this fossil in the family Lycaenidae. 

 LYCAENOPSIS Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), [1865], Reise Fregatte " Novara" , Lep. Rhop. 



(2) : 257. Type-species by monotypy : Lycaenopsis ananga Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), 



[1865], ibid. (2) : 257, pi. 32, figs 10, 11. 



The taxon represented by Lycaenopsis ananga is currently treated subjectively on taxo- 



nomic grounds as a subspecies of the taxon represented by the older-established nominal 



species Papilio haraldus Fabricius, 1787 (Mantissa Ins. 2 : 82). 



LYCAS Godman, [1901], in Godman & Salvin, Biol, centr .-amer . , Lep. Rhop. 2 : 618. Type- 

 species by selection by Lindsey (1925, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 18 : 91) : Hesperia argentea 

 Hewitson, 1866, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2 : 487. 



LYCHNUCHOIDES Godman, [1901], in Godman & Salvin, Biol, centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 



2 : 612. Type-species by original designation : Hesperia saptiae Godman & Salvin, 1879, 



Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 155. 

 LYCHNUCOIDES Sharp, [1903], in Zool. Rec. 38 (year 1901) (Ins.) : 209 (an Incorrect Sub- 



quent Spelling of Lychnuchoides Godman, [1901]). 

 LYCHNUCHUS Hubner, [1827-1831], Zutr. z. Samml. exot. Schmett. 3 : 24. Type-species by 



selection by Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 210) : Lychnuchus 



olenus Hubner [1827-1831], ibid. 3 : 24, pi. [84], figs 487, 488. 



I showed in 1937 (Hubner, 1 : 456) that the text of Volume 3 of the Zutrdge was written 



