GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 275 



name Pontia Fabricius, it was decided to ask the Commission to give a Ruling under its 

 Plenary Powers that precedence be given to the name Pontia Fabricius over the name 

 Mancipium Hiibner. This request was granted by the Commission, whose decision in this 

 matter was promulgated in its 1942, Opinion 137 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 2 : 21- 

 28). In the same Opinion the name Pontia Fabricius was placed on the Official List of Generic 

 Names in Zoology as Name No. 566. Finally, in Direction 4 (1954, loc. cit. 2 : 629-652) the 

 Commission clarified and expanded the Ruling given in Opinion 137 making absolute for the 

 purposes of the Law of Priority the conditional suppression of the name Mancipium Hiibner as 

 directed in that Opinion At the same time in the foregoing Direction the name Mancipium 

 Hiibner so suppressed, was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in 

 Zoology as Name No. 214. 



MANDARINIA Leech, [1892], Butts China Japan Corea (1) (Text Pt 1) : 9. Type-species by 

 original designation: Mycalesis regalis Leech, 1889, Trans, enl. Soc. Lond. 1889: 102, pi. 8, 

 figs 2 0*1 2A $. 



MANECA de Niceville, 1890, Units India Burmah Ceylon 3 : 18, 344. Type-species by 

 original designation: Pratapa bhotea Moore, 1884,/. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt If, 53 : 37. 



MANEREBIA Staudinger, 1897, Iris 10 : 139-143. Type-species by selection by Hemming 

 (1043, Proc. K. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 12 : 24) : Manerebia cyclopina Staudinger, 1897, ibid. 

 10 : 139-14 1 . pl- 5. fi g- 4 K - 



MANGALISA Moore, 1883, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 : 248. Type-species by original designa- 

 tion : Euploea albata Zinken, 1831, Nova Acta Leop. Carol. 15 (No. 1) : 181, pl. 16, fig. 16. 



MANIOLA Schrank, 1801, Faun, boica 1 (2) : 152, 170. Type-species through selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 211) of Maniola lemur Schrank, 1801 

 [ibid. 1 (2) : 175), a taxon bearing a name which through the lectotype-selection made by 

 Hemming (1956, Bull. zool. Num. 12 : 2.S2,) is .1 junior objective synonym of Papilio jurtina 

 Linnaeus, 1758 : Papilio jurtina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 475. 



The history of this rather complicated case is set out below. First, it must be noted that in 

 1758 Linnaeus established two nominal species, applying respectively — as is now agreed — to 

 the two sexes of the Satyrid species, known to English lepidopterists as the " Meadow- 

 Brown ". These names were Papilio jurtina (: 475, no. 104), a female obtained in North 

 Africa, and Papilio janira (: 475, no. 106), a male based upon a specimen obtained in Central 

 Europe. Second, it must be noted that the localities for these two taxa were determined in 

 1913 (/. linn. Soc. Loud., Zool. 32 : 184-185) by Verity as First Reviser, his conclusions being 

 based partly upon Linnaeus' remarks in the Svsl. Xat. and partly upon an examination of 

 surviving specimens in the Linnaean Collection in London. The collective-species here in 

 question is made up of a considerable number of different races, that from North Africa being 

 very distinct, for example, from that of Central Europe. Thus, it is agreed that though the 

 names janira and jurtina are subjective synonyms of one another at the species-name level, 

 they are currently considered on taxonomic grounds to represent different taxa at the sub- 

 species level. 



Linnaeus himself never admitted that the two names cited above applied to a single species, 

 but that this was the case was recognized by many of his contemporaries and successors. 

 Among the latter was Schrank who united Papilio janira and Papilio jurtina to form a single 

 species, to which, rejecting both these Linnaean names, he applied the new name Papilio 

 lemur. The name lemur Schrank has been rejected by all later authors who have agreed 

 however that at the species-name level the names Papilio janira and Papilio jurtina of Linnaeus 

 represent the same taxon. In order to provide the nominal species Maniola lemur with a 

 determinate content and thus to determine whether it was an objective synonym of Papilio 

 janira and of Papilio jurtina, I selected the specimen (a female) on which Linnaeus based his 

 description of Papilio jurtina to be the lectotype of the nominal species Maniola lemur Schrank. 

 The effect of this action was (i) to make the specific name lemur Schrank a junior objective 



