276 FRANCIS HEMMING 



synonym of the name jurtina Linnaeus and (ii), in view of Scudder's action in 1875 in selecting 

 Maniola lemur Schrank to be the type-species of the genus Maniola Schrank, to make the 

 objectively identical and older nominal species Papilio jurtina the type-species of that genus. 



The present species was known continuously by the specific name janira Linnaeus until after 

 the turn of the XlXth century. In 1861 however Staudinger (in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. 

 Lep. Europe (1) : 13), while retaining the name janira Linnaeus, advanced also the superior 

 claim of the specific name jurtina Linnaeus, which he described as a " nomen antrius, reci- 

 piendum ". Staudinger took the same attitude in his Catalog (: 31) published in 1871. 

 Four years later Kirby (1871, Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep. : 77) deliberately adopted the name 

 jurtina Linnaeus, sinking janira Linnaeus as a junior synonym. At this time — and, indeed, 

 for many years after — zoologists had no International Code by which to guide themselves and 

 began to show an increasing tendency to follow the Principle of Page and Line Precedence in 

 cases of this kind. Partly no doubt for this reason but partly also because of the great prestige 

 quickly gained by Kirby's Syn. Cat., the use of the specific name jurtina in preference to the 

 name janira rapidly gained ground and ultimately became virtually universal. This practice 

 remained unaffected by the publication in 1905 of the International Code which provided, 

 though rather obscurely (Article 28) that cases of this kind should be regulated by the First 

 Reviser Principle. That this should have happened in this case is no doubt principally 

 attributable to the, by this time, strong attachment of lepidopterists to the Principle of Page 

 and Line Precedence, and a consequent disinclination to examine what would be the effect 

 of applying the First Reviser Principle to the names here in question. 



As a consequence of the definitive re-affirmation of the First Reviser Principle as against that 

 of Page and Line Precedence by the Copenhagen Congress in 1953 — a decision now embodied 

 with great clarity in Article 24(a) — it became necesary to re-examine the present case. This 

 survey showed, as was expected, that the earliest First Reviser choice in favour of the specific 

 name jurtina Linnaeus over the name janira Linnaeus was that by Kirby in 1871 (Syn. Cat. 

 diurn. Lep. : 77), to which reference has already been made. It was found also however 

 that there was a much earlier First Reviser choice in the opposite sense. This was the 

 selection by Fabricius in 1787 (Mantissa Ins. 2 : 44) of Papilio janira Linnaeus to take prece- 

 dence over the name Papilio jurtina Linnaeus, the name janira being adopted for the species 

 allotted the number 433, the name jurtina Linnaeus being cited as a synonym. The abandon- 

 ment of the deeply entrenched specific name jurtina in favour of the long-abandoned name 

 janira would have caused great inconvenience through the disturbance in current practice and 

 would have served no useful purposes. It was accordingly decided to ask the Commission to 

 use its Plenary Powers to set aside all existing First Reviser choices in the present case and, 

 having done so, to issue directions under those powers that precedence be given to the specific 

 name jurtina Linnaeus over the specific name janira Linnaeus. An application in this sense 

 was accordingly submitted to the Commission by myself in 1956 (Bull. zool. Norn. 12 : 279- 

 286). 



The above and the associated proposals were approved by the Commission which promul- 

 gated its decision in its Opinion 506 published in 1958 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 18 : 177— 

 196). Having granted precedence to the specific name jurtina Linnaeus over the name 

 janira Linnaeus in the manner indicated above, the Commission placed the specific name 

 jurtina Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the binomen Papilio jurtina, interpreted as specified 

 above, on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as Name No. 1492. At the same time 

 the generic name Maniola Schrank, 1801, was placed on the Official List of Generic Names in 

 Zoology as Name No. 1254. 



MANORINA Aurivillius, [1925], in Seitz, Grosschmett. Erde 13 : 559 (an Incorrect Subsequent 

 Spelling of Manarina Mabille, 1904). 



MANSUETA Ferreira d'Almeida, 1922, Melanges lep. 1 : 69. Type-species by original 

 designation : Heliconia daeta Boisduval, [1836], (Roret's Suite a Buffon), Hist. nat. Ins., 

 Spec. gen. Lepid. 1 : pi. 11 [= pi. 7B], fig. 7. 



