30 4 FRANCIS HEMMING 



NAJAS Hiibner, [1807], Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pi. [60]. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Najas themis Hiibner, [1807], ibid. 1 : pi. [60]. 



Following the rejection by the Commission of the leaflet of 1806 entitled the Tentamen 

 and therefore of the name Najas so published, the name Najas ranks from Hiibner's Samml. 

 exot. Schmett., in which one species was placed in this genus in a plate published in 1807. The 

 taxon represented by Najas themis, the species concerned, is currently treated subjectively on 

 taxonomic grounds as being congeneric with that represented by the nominal species Papilio 

 cyparissa Cramer, [1775], the type-species of the genus Euphaedra Hiibner, [1819]. 



The generic name Euphaedra is well-known and long-established, whereas the name Najas 

 has never been used in the sense required by its type-species indicated above ; indeed, the 

 name Najas has very seldom been used at all and, when used, has been employed in the quite 

 different sense in which it had been employed in the Tentamen of 1806. In these circumstances 

 no possible advantage could be served — and only unnecessary disturbance caused — if the 

 long-neglected name Najas were to be substituted for the name Euphaedra Hiibner. It is 

 considered therefore that this is pre-eminently a case in which the name Najas Hiibner of 

 the Sammlung should be rejected as a forgotten name (nomen oblitum). An application in this 

 sense has been submitted to the Commission. In accordance with the provisions of Article 

 80 (which provides that changes in nomenclature be avoided when a case is under considera- 

 tion by the Commission) the name Najas is here treated as having been rejected in favour of 

 the name Euphaedra Hiibner. 

 NANDOGEA Moore, [1894], Lep. ind. 2 (19) : 173. Type-species by original designation : 

 Thaumantis diorea Doubleday, 1845, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 16 : 234. 



Moore established this genus in a generic key, but did not designate a type-species. This 

 omission was made good in the next following Part (Part 20 : 182) published in the following 

 year (1895). 

 NAPAEA Hiibner, [1819], Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pi. [34]. Type-species proposed to be 

 designated by the Commission under Article 70(a) (misidentified type-species) : Cremna 

 eucharila Bates, 1867, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 5 : 543 [a taxon having as the representative 

 of its lectotype, by selection by Hemming (1964, Annot. lep. (3) : 102), the specimen figured 

 by Hiibner in 18 19 under the name Napaea actoris as fig. 1 on plate [34] of volume 1 of the 

 Samml. exot. Schmett^] 



This is a genus based upon a misidentified type-species. What happened was that when 

 establishing the nominal genus Napaea, Hiibner placed in that genus a single nominal species — 

 which is therefore the type-species by monotypy — to which he applied the name Napaea 

 actoris. Hiibner cited no author's name in connection with the specific name actoris and it 

 was impossible therefore to be certain whether the name actoris, as published on the legend of 

 the above plate, was a new name of his own or a later usage of that name as published by 

 Cramer in 1776 (Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8) : 146, pi. 93, fig. D) in the combination Papilio actoris 

 until on the discovery of Hiibner's surviving manuscripts there was found a portion of un- 

 published text which clearly showed that in using the name actoris on the above plate Hiibner 

 looked upon himself as using the name actoris Cramer. In this identification he was in error, 

 for the species figured by Hiibner on his plate [34] is not the same as that to which Cramer had 

 previously applied the same specific name. This mistake of Hiibner's was detected by Bates 

 in 1867 when (as shown above) he gave the name Cremna eucharila to the species figured by 

 Hiibner under the misapplied name actoris Cramer, Hiibner's species having been without a 

 name of its own up to the publication of Bates' paper. As Bates based his Cremna eucharila 

 on Hiibner's plate [34], the four figures shown on that plate as Napaea actoris represent the 

 syntypes of Bates' species. The first of these, namely the specimen shown as fig. 1 on the 

 above plate has (as shown above) been selected to represent the lectotype of Cremna eucharila 

 Bates. By the foregoing lectotype-selection that nominal species becomes, it will be noted, 

 objectively identical with that figured by Hiibner under the misapplied name Napaea actoris 

 (Cramer) . 



The true Papilio actoris Cramer and Cremna eucharila Bates are currently placed in different 



