332 FRANCIS HEMMING 



The nominal species Pallene eupithes Doubleday is currently treated subjectively as having 

 been based upon a male of the taxon represented by the older-established nominal species 

 Nymphalis alcimeda Godart, [1819] [Ency. meth. 9 (Ins.) (2) : 384). 



The name Pallene Doubleday is invalid under the Law of Homonymy, having been pre- 

 viously bestowed on three other genera: (a) Pallene Megerle, 1823, in Dahl, Col. u. Lep. : 56; 

 (b) Pallene Johnston, 1836, Mag. Zool. Bot. 1 (4) : 380 ; (c) Pallene Lesson, 1837, Compl. de 

 Buff on 8 : 493. 



PAMASA Fruhstorfer, [1910], in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9 : 235 (an Incorrect Subsequent 

 Spelling of Pramasa Moore, 1883). 



PAMBA Evans, 1955, Cat. amer. Hesp. Brit. Mus. 4 : 86, 114. Type-species by original 

 designation : Pamba pamba Evans, 1955, ibid. 4 : 114, pi. 60, fig. j.19 (<J genit., 3 figs). 



PAMELA Hemming, 1935, Stylops 4:3. Type-species through Section (i) (replacement 

 names) of Article 67 : Listeria dudgeonii de Niceville, 1894, /. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 

 63 (1) : 36, pi. 4, fig. 3 <J. 



The name Pamela Hemming was introduced as a replacement for Listeria de Niceville, 

 1894, which is invalid under the Law of Homonymy. 



PAMPASATYRUS Hayward, 1953, Acta zool. lilloana 13 : 28. Type-species by original 

 designation : Epinephile [sic] gyrtone Berg, 1877, Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 52 (No. 2) : 

 8 [also id., 1877, Ann. Soc. cienc. argent. 4 : 94]. 



PAMPERIS Heimlich, 1959, Ent. Z. 69 : 177. Type-species by original designation : 

 Pamperis poaoensis Heimlich, 1959, ibid. 69 : 177. 



PAMPHILA Fabricius, 1807, Mag. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6 : 287. Type-species by selection by 

 Westwood (1840, Introd. Class. Ins., 2 Syn. : 88) : Papilio comma Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. 

 (ed. 10) 1 : 484. 



The name Pamphila Fabricius is invalid as it is a junior objective synonym of Hesperia 

 Fabricius, 1793. 



Formerly, there was much confusion regarding the interpretation of the genus Pamphila, 

 due to two quite different reasons. First, Westwood's type selection was either overlooked 

 or erroneously rejected in favour of other species, all of which belonged in a general way to 

 the same major subdivision of the Hesperiidae, a subdivision which became to be known 

 widely as the subfamily Pamphilinae and included Papilio comma the true type-species of the 

 genus Pamphila. The second cause of confusion in this case was much more serious and arose 

 from the erroneous belief that the type-species of the older genus Hesperia Fabricius was a 

 species (Papilo malvae Linnaeus) belonging to the other main subdivision of the family, this 

 subdivision being treated therefore as the nominate subfamily and accordingly known as 

 the Hesperiinae. A most difficult situation arose when it was realized the names Pamphila 

 and Hesperia were objective synonyms of one another and that in virtue of being the older 

 of the two names Hesperia must replace the name Pamphila and that in consequence the 

 subfamily hitherto known as the Pamphilinae must be treated as the nominate subfamily 

 and in consequence had to be known as the Hesperiinae. The subfamily previously in- 

 correctly known as the Hesperiinae thereupon became Pyrginae, the genus Pyrgus Hubner 

 having as its type-species the species previously but incorrectly treated as being the type- 

 species of the genus Hesperia Fabricius. The need for these unfortunate changes became 

 apparent during the nineteen-thirties at a time when there was no prospect of obtaining relief 

 from the Commission, and when in consequence there was no option but to apply the normal 

 provisions of the existing Code. The disturbance so caused has now been overcome and the 

 names concerned are currently used in the correct sense, the name Pamphila here in question 

 having been duly sunk as a junior objective synonym of Hesperia Fabricius. 



PAMPHILIDA Lindsey, 1925, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 18 : 95. Type-species by original 

 designation : Papilio palaemon Pallas, 1771, Reise durch verschied. Prov. Russisch. Reichs 

 1 : 471. 



