GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 337 



ment nominal species so established by Linnaeus represents a well-known member of a 

 highly characteristic group of African Nymphalids and is the type-species of the later- 

 established nominal genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816. 



The name Paphia Fabricius is invalid under the Law of Homonymy, being a junior 

 homonym (a) of Paphia [Koding], 1798 (Mus. Bolten. (2) : 175), and (b) of Paphia Lamarck 

 1799 (Me"m. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris 1799 : 85). 



This generic name was placed, in the Commission's Opinion 577 (1959, Bull. zool. Nom. 

 17 : 140-142), on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology as Name 

 No. 1305. 



PAPIAS Godman, [1900], Biol, centr .-amer . , Lep. Rhop. 2 : 559. Type-species through 

 Section (a) (misidentified type-species) of Article 70 provisionally applied, pending a decision 

 by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature on an application submitted : 

 Pamphila Integra Mabille, 1891, Bull. C.R. Soc. ent. Belg. 35 : clxix. 



This is the name of a genus originally established with a misidentified type-species. The 

 facts are set out below. Godman designated the nominal species Hesperia infuscata Plotz 

 1882 (Stett. ent. Ztg 43 : 315) as the type-species of this genus. On the following page 

 (: 560) he described and figured the taxon which he had identified with that represented by 

 the foregoing nominal species ; at the same time he gave a brief synonymy in which he cited 

 the name Pamphila integra Mabille, 1891. In 1907 Godman published {Ann. Mag. nat. 

 Hist. (7) 20 : 132-155) a critical review of the American Hesperiids described by Plotz, 

 many of which were very difficult to interpret ; in this paper (: 137) he noted that the 

 material which in the Biologia he had identified as Hesperia infuscata Plotz was not refer- 

 able to that species but belonged to Pamphila integra Mabille which, as noted above, he had 

 then — incorrectly, as was now found — identified with Plotz's Hesperia infuscata. It followed 

 that, when he had established the nominal genus Papias and had designated Hesperia infus- 

 cata Plotz as its type-species, it was in fact not that species but Pamphila integra Mabille 

 which he characterized under that name. It is in this corrected sense that the genus Papias 

 is currently interpreted, e.g. by Evans (1955, C al - amer. Hesp. Brit. Mus. 4 : 155). This is 

 a particularly clear case of a genus based upon a misidentified type-species. Accordingly, 

 an application has been submitted to the Commission for the designation under Article 70 of 

 Pamphila integra Mabille to be the type-species of this genus Papias. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Pamphila integra Mabille is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being a subspecies of the taxon represented by the 

 nominal species Pamphila subcostulata Herrii h -S< haeffer, 1870 (CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. 

 Regensburg 24 : 159). (It may be useful to add that the genus Papias, correctly interpreted 

 as explained above, belongs to the Apaustus-Group of the Hesperiids, but the nominal 

 species Hesperia infuscata Plotz (with which Godman originally misidentified Pamphila 

 integra Mabille) is referable to the genus Enosis Mabille, 1889, and belongs to an entirely 

 different group, the Carystus-Group) . 



PAPILIO Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 458. Type-species by selection by Latreille 

 (1810, Consid. gin. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins. : 440, 350) : Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, 

 ibid. (ed. 10) 1 : 462. 



In the earlier part of the XlXth century and indeed even as late as 1875 (Scudder), when 

 workers were greatly handicapped by the lack of an authoritative international Code, widely 

 divergent views were expressed at different times as to the species to be accepted as the 

 type-species of this fundamental genus. All this happened, however, so long ago that it is 

 not necessary here to describe the early history of this matter which is now of historical 

 interest only, there having been for long absolute unanimity as to the type-species of the 

 genus Papilio — and consequently also as to the interpretation of the nominal family 

 Papilionidae. In 1954 the Commission in its Opinion 273 placed the name Papilio Linnaeus 

 (with Papilio machaon Linnaeus as type-species) on the Official List of Generic Names in 

 Zoology as Name No. 703. 



