GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 339 



named : hence confusion has arisen in the identification of this insect." It will be appre- 

 ciated from the explanation already given regarding the synonymy of the species-group 

 names concerned that the confusion which had arisen was much greater even than Godman 

 supposed, for his revised view as to the identification of the specimens which he had figured 

 as figs 23 and 24 [but not that shown as fig. 25], which he referred to as " this insect " in the 

 footnote quoted above and which he then identified as Hesperia powesheik did not belong to 

 that species, being, as he had originally thought specimens of Hesperia garita. 



Having now completed the survey of the tangled history of the name Paradopaea Godman, 

 and of the identity of the species cited in that author's plate 92 as belonging to that genus, 

 it is possible to form a conclusion as the status of that generic name. First, it must be noted 

 that, if it had not been for the publication of the above plate, the name Paradopaea would 

 have possessed no status in nomenclature, for in the text Godman mentioned that name 

 only to reject it immediately, by placing it in the synonymy of the name Oarisma Scudder. 

 As there published, it was a name published in a synonymy and therefore, under Article 

 11(d), possessed no standing and was completely invalid. The position is however quite 

 different in the plates volume (vol. 3), for here on plate 92 Godman unequivocally adopted 

 the name Paradopaea for two nominal species, of which one {Paradopaea calega) was there 

 established for the first time. Nothing written by Godman in the text volume can be held 

 to detract from the nomenclatorial status of the name Paradopaea as used on plate 92 in the 

 plates volume. Accordingly, the name Paradopaea Godman ranks as a nomenclatorially 

 available name, and the two nominal species cited on that plate as belonging to Paradopaea 

 rank as the originally included species of that genus. Lindsey (1925) was therefore perfectly 

 in order when he selected the first of these species, Hesperia garita Reakirt, to be the type- 

 species of the genus Paradopaea Godman. Finally, it must be noted that, although in the 

 text Godman expressed erroneous opinions as to the identity of the taxon represented by the 

 nominal species Hesperia garita, he identified that taxon correctly on his plate 92 (the only 

 place which is relevant in connection with the interpretation of the nominal genus Paradopaea), 

 giving two figures of the male of that taxon, showing the upperside as fig. 23, and the under- 

 side as fig. 24. The only mistake which he made on this plate was erroneous association, with 

 the figures of the male of Hesperia garita, of a figure (fig. 25) showing the male genitalia of a 

 different, though closely allied species. 



To sum up, the name Paradopaea Godman is an available name and the type-species of the 

 genus in question is the nominal species Hesperia garita Reakirt, which was correctly identified 

 by Godman when (on pi. 92) he placed it in this genus. [It may be useful to add from the 

 purely taxonomic side that the view expressed by Godman in the text of his work that his 

 Paradopaea is a junior subjective synonym of Oarisma Scudder is still the accepted subjective 

 opinion of specialists in this group.] 



PARADROS Watson, 1893, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 19, 39. Type-species by original 

 designation : Eudamus phoenice Hewitson, 1867, Descr. One Hundred new Spec. Hesp. 

 (1) : 19. 



PARADUBA Bethune-Baker, 1906, Ann. Mag. not. Hist. (7) 17 : 103. Type-species by 

 original designation : Paraduba owgarra Bethune-Baker, 1906, ibid. (7) 17 : 104. 



PARAGE Evans, 1923, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 29 (2) : 537 (an Incorrect Subsequent Spelling 

 of Pararge Hiibner, [1819]). 



PARAGERYDUS Distant, 1884, Rhop. malayana : 207. Type-species by selection by Kirby 

 ([1885], in Zool. Rec. 21 (year 1884) (Ins.) : 191) : Miletus horsfieldi Moore, 1857, in 

 Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy (1) : 19, pi. ia, fig. 1. 



PARAIDES Godman, [1900], Biol, centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2 : 515. Type-species by original 

 designation : Hesperia ocrinus Plotz, 1882, Stett. ent. Ztg 43 : 337. 



PARALASA Moore, [1893], Lep. ind. 2 (16) : 103. Type-species by original designation : 

 Erebia kalinda Moore, 1865, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 501, pi. 30, fig. 5 9. 



