GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 341 



name rivularis Scopoli was commonly treated for a considerable number of years as applying 

 to the Limenitis species occurring in continental Europe but not in the British Isles which 

 previously — and for a much longer period — had been erroneously known by the name Camilla 

 Linnaeus (published first in 1763 in the binomen Papilio Camilla). A word of explanation 

 is needed therefore as to the reasons for the attribution of the specific name rivularis Scopoli 

 to the present Neptis-Gxoup species. What happened was that in 1933 (Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 

 7 : 60, fig. 1) Higgins published as fig. 1 a facsimile of fig. 443 in Scopoli's Ent. cam., which, 

 in his opinion and that of all subsequent authors, clearly represented the present Neptis- 

 Group species and not the Limenitis-Group species to which the name Papilio rivularis 

 Scopoli was at that time erroneously believed to apply. Higgins did not designate expressly 

 the specimen figured in Scopoli's fig. 443 to be the lectotype of Papilio rimtlaris Scopoli, 

 though for practical purposes his action, which included the renaming of the Limenitis 

 species previously known incorrectly by the specific name rivularis' Scopoli, was tantamount 

 to the selection of Scopoli's fig. 443 to be the lectotype of that species. In order to put an 

 end to any argument as to the nomenclatorial status of Higgins's action, I formally selected 

 in 1959 the specimen represented on Scopoli's fig. 443 to represent the lectotype of Papilio 

 rivularis Scopoli, 1763: this selection was made in the third paragraph of a note reproduced 

 as Part 3 of a document entitled "Appendix to Secretary's Minute dated 21st June, 1958 " 

 reproduced in paragraph 14 of the Commission's Opinion 562 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 

 20 : 326). The action described above was completed by the Commission when in the 

 same Opinion it placed the specific name rivularis Scopoli. 1763, as published in the binomen 

 Papilio rivularis. endorsed by reference to the lectotype-selection referred to above, on the 

 Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as Name No. 1648. 



PARANTICA Moore, [1880], Lep. Ceylon 1 (1). Type-species by original designation: Papilio 

 aglea Stoll, [1782], in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4(32): 173, pi. 377, fig. E. 



PARANTICOPSIS Wood-Mason & de Niceville, 1887, /. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4) : 

 376. Type-species by monotypy : Papilio macareus Godart, [1819], Ency. mith. 9 (Ins.) 

 (1) : 76. 



PARANTIRRHOEA Wood-Mason, 7th March 1881, /. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 49 (4) : 248. 

 Type-species by original designation : Parantirrhoea marshalli Wood-Mason, 1881, ibid. 

 49 (4) : 250. 



The name Parantirrhoea was published as new in two papers by Wood-Mason that were 

 published almost simultaneously. The first to appear was that cited above which (as there 

 noted) was published on 7th March 1881 ; the second was published in April of the same year 

 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 7 : 333). The same species was designated as type-species in both 

 these papers. 



PARAPHNAEUS Thierry-Mieg, 1904, Le Naturaliste 26 (415) : 140. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Aphnaeus hutchinsonii Trimen, 1887, in Trimen & Bowker, South-Afric. 

 Butts 2 : 146-150. 



PARAPHTHONIA Stichel, 1910, in Wytsman's Gen. Ins. 112 (A) : 137. Type-species by 

 original designation : Monethe molione Godman, 1903, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1903 : 539, 

 pi. 22, fig. 4. 



PARAPIERIS de Niceville, 1897, /• asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 66 (3) : 563. Type-species by 

 original designation : Papilio callidice Hubner, [1799-1800], Samml. europ. Schmett. : pi. 

 Pap. 81, figs 408, 409 o*. 



The name Parapieris de Niceville is invalid, as it is a junior objective synonym of Synchloe 

 Hubner, 1818. 



PARAPITHECOPS Moore, June 1884, /. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 53 (1) : 20. Type-species 

 by monotypy : Parapithecops gaura Moore, 1884, ibid. 53 (1) : 20. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Parapithecops gaura is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older- 



