346 FRANCIS HEMMING 



Only the nominal species Parnes nycteis was figured on plate 73 as belonging to this genus, 

 of which therefore it is the type-species by monotypy. In the text published slightly later a 

 second species was added to this genus. Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 

 10 : 242) thought that the text and plate 73 were published at the same time and therefore 

 that this genus contained two included original species ; from these he selected Parnes 

 nycteis to be the type-species. Though later seen to have been unnecessary, Scudder's action 

 did no harm, since it was the species which was already the type-species by monotypy when 

 he selected it as type-species. 



PAROENEIS Moore, [1893], Lep. ind. 2 (14) : 36. Type-species by original designation : 

 Chionobas pumilus Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), [1867], Reise fregatte " Novara ", Lep. Rhop. 

 (3) : 490, pi. 69, figs 6, 7. 



PA ROM I A Hewitson, [1861], 77/. exot. Butts 2 : [49]. Type-species by monotypy : Paromia 

 pulchra Hewitson, [1861], ibid. 2 : [49], pi. [25], figs 1, 2. 



The name Paromia Hewitson is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Paromia Westwood, 

 1851 (Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 1 : 167). 



PARONYMUS Aurivillius, [1925], in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 13 : 520. Type-species by 

 selection by Evans (1937, Cat. Afric. Hesp. Brit. Mus. : 127) : Hesperia ligora Hewitson, 

 1876, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 18 : 450. 



PAROSMODES Holland, 1896, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1896 : 45. Type-species by original 

 designation : Pamphila morantii Trimen, 1873, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1873 : 122. 



PARPHORUS Godman, [1900], in Godman & Salvin, Biol, centr .-amer . , Lep. Rhop. 2 : 576. 

 Type-species by original designation : Phlebodes storax Mabille, 1891, Ann. Soc. ent. 

 Belg. 35, Bull. C.R. : Ixxxiii. 



PARRHASIUS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (5) : 79. Type-species by selection 

 by Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci, Boston 10 : 242) : Papilio polibetes Stoll, 

 [1781], in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29) : 98, pi. 341, figs B, C. 



PARTHENOS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (3) : 38. Type-species by monotypy: 

 Papilio sylvia Cramer, [1775], Uitl. Kapellen 1 (4) : 68, pi. 153, figs F, G. 



PARURA Kirby, 1896, in Allen's Nat. Libr., Lepid. 2 : 229. Type-species through Section (i) 

 (replacement names) of Article 67 : Callidryas bracteolata Butler, 1865, Proc. zool. Soc. 

 Lond. 1865 (2) : 458, pi. 26, fig. 6. 



Kirby expressly introduced the name Parura as a replacement for the name Metura Butler, 

 !873, which is invalid under the Law of Homonymy. As a replacement genus, Parura takes 

 automatically as its type-species the species which is the type-species of the genus (Metura) 

 which it replaced, namely Callidryas bracteolata Butler, 1865. Kirby was therefore in error 

 when, having established Parura as a replacement genus, he sought to designate a different 

 nominal species (Papilio cipris Fabricius, 1793, Ent. syst. 3 (1) : 212) as type-species. 



The taxon represented by Callidryas bracteolata Butler, the type-species of this genus, is 

 currently identified subjectively with that represented by the nominal species Papilio cipris 

 Fabricius, 1793, and it was no doubt on account of this subjective identification of these two 

 nominal species that Kirby fell into the error of seeking to designate the Fabrician species as 

 the type-species of the replacement genus Parura. 



The subjective identification of the taxa represented respectively by the nominal species 

 Callidryas bracteolata Butler and Papilio cipris Fabricius is still accepted by systematists, 

 and the specific name cipris Fabricius has been commonly applied to this species. That 

 name however is not available for this purpose, as it is invalid under the Law of Homonymy, 

 being a junior homonym of the older-established nominal species Papilio cipris Cramer, 

 [1777] (Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9) : 5, pi. 99, figs E, F). The oldest nomenclatorially available 

 name subjectively applicable to the taxon represented by the nominal species Callidryas 

 bracteolata Butler is Colias neocypris Hiibner, [1823] (Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pi. [136]) ; 

 the name neocypris Hiibner is therefore the valid specific name for the type-species of the 



