GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 357 



PHAREAS Westwood, [March 1852], in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2) : pi. 78, fig. 4. Type- 

 species by monotypy : Phareas coeleste Westwood, [March, 1852], in Doubleday, ibid. 

 (2) : pi. 78, fig. 4 [Westwood's text (: 516) published in August 1852]. 



In the text Westwood added Papilio peleus Linnaeus, 1763, to this genus, and this species 

 was selected as the type-species by Lindsey in 1925 (Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 18 : 97), but this 

 selection was invalid, because, as shown above, that species was not included in this genus 

 when, months earlier, this genus was established on plate 78. 



PHARIA Fruhstorfer, [1911], in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9 : 295. Type-species by monotypy: 

 Acrophthalma thalia Leech, 1891, Entomologist 24, Suppl. : 25. 



The name Pharia Fruhstorfer is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Pharia Gray, 1840 

 (Ann. Mag. nai. Hist. 6 : 284). It has been replaced by the name Acropolis Hemming, 1934. 



PHARMACOPHAGUS Haase, 1892, Bibl. zool. 8 : 120. Type-species by selection by Kirby 

 (1896, in Allen's Nat. Libr., Lepid. 2 : 306) : Papilio anterior Drury, [1773], III. nat. Hist. 

 2 : index et 4, pi. 3, fig. 1. 



PHASIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (5) : 73. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 247) : Papilio salmoneus Stoll, 

 [1781], in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29) : 99, pi. 341, figs 1), E. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Papilio salmoneus Stoll is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older- 

 established nominal species Papilio thero Linnaeus, 1764 (Mus. Lud. Ulr. : 328). 



PHELES Herrich-Schaeffer, [1858], Samml. neuer aussereurop. Schmett. 1 : [77]. Type-species 

 by monotypy : Pheles heliconides Herrich-Schaeffer, [1858], ibid. 1 : [77], pi. [11], fig. 30. 



PHEMIADES Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : 112. Type-species by selection 

 by Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 247) : Papilio phineus Cramer, 

 [1777], Uitl. Kapellen 2 (15) : 123, pi. 176, fig. E. 



PHENGARIS Doherty, 1891, /. asiat. Soc. Bengal. Pt II, 60 (1) : 36. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Lycaena atroguttata Oberthur, 1876, Etud. ent. 2 : 21, pi. 1, figs 4a, b<J. 



PHERAEUS Godman, [1900], in Godman & Salvin, Biol, centr .-amer . , Lep. Rhop. 2 : 578. 

 Type-species by monotypy : Carystus epidius Mabille, 1891, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35, Bull. 

 C.R. : cxix. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Carystus epidius Mabille is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as a subspecies of the taxon represented by the older- 

 established nominal species, Apaustus odilia Plotz, 1884 (Stett. ent. Ztg 45 : 155). 



PHICIODES Hiibner, [1826], Verz. bekannt. Schmett., Anz. : 7 (an Incorrect Subsequent 

 Spelling of Phyciodes Hiibner, [1819]). 



PHILAETHRIA Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 77. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 248) : Papilio dido Linnaeus, 1763, 

 Amoen. acad. 6 : 408. 



The name Papilio dido has often been attributed to Clerck instead of to Linnaeus. For 

 the reasons which have been explained in the note on the name Metamandana Stichel, this is 

 incorrect. Clerck's plate showing Papilio dido, though already in existence, had not been 

 published at the time when this name was published by Linnaeus in the Amoen. acad. 



It must be recalled here also that (as fully explained in the note on the name Metamandana) 

 there was a period of over twenty-five years during which, following a mistake made by 

 Godman & Salvin in 1881, this genus was erroneously called by the generic name Metamorpha 

 Hiibner, [1819], a name properly applicable to a Junoniine Nymphalid. 



PHILARETA Moore, [1893], Lep. ind. 2 (13) : 23. Type-species by original designation : 

 Satyrus hanifa Herrich-Schaeffer, [1850], Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 : pi. 100, figs 477, 

 478 $ ; id., [1851], ibid. 6 : 12. 



