35§ FRANCIS HEMMING 



The specific name hanifa has often been attributed to Nordmann, but it was not published 

 by that author until the following year (Satynts anthewzx. hanifa Nordmann, 1851, Bull. Soc. 

 imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (2) : 406, pi. 9, figs 1-3). 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Satyrus hanifa is currently considered 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as a form of the taxon represented by the older-established 

 nominal species Papilio ant he Ochsenheimer, 1807 (Schmett. Europa 1 (1) : 169). 



It is currently considered on subjective taxonomic grounds that the taxon represented by 

 the type-species of the genus Philareta Moore is congeneric with the taxon represented by 

 Papilio briseis Linnaeus, 1764, the type-species of Chazara Moore. As the names Philareta 

 and Chazara were published in the same work and on the same date as one another, the 

 relative precedence to be accorded to these names depends on the choice of the First Reviser. 

 Before any such choice was made, the name Chazara had been used by a number of authors 

 but little or no use had been made of the name Philareta. It was for this reason that in 1964 

 (Annot. lep. (3) : 77) I selected, as First Reviser, the name Chazara Moore to take precedence 

 over the name Philareta (misprinted Phalareta), which I then sank as a junior subjective 

 synonym of Chazara. 



PHILIOLAUS Stempffer & Bennett, 1958, Bull. Inst, franc. Afr. noire 20 (A) (4) : 1336 

 [invalid as from the earlier page 1253 because no type-species there designated and indeed 

 no nominal species cited]. Type-species by original designation : Iolaus parasilanus 

 Rebel, 1914, Ann. naturhist. Hofmus. Wien. 28 : 266. 



PHILIRIS Rober, 1891, Tijdschr. Ent. 34 : 317. Type-species by monotypy : Thecla ilias 

 Felder (C), i860, S. B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40 : 454. 



Rober also published this as a new generic name a year later [March 1892], in Schatz, in 

 Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett., Bd 1 (Th. 2) (6) : 273. 



PHILOCALA Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. 79. Type-species by selection by Scudder 

 (1875, Proc. anter. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 248) : Papilio amphinome Linnaeus, 1767, 

 Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) 1 (2) : 779. 



The name Philocala Billberg is invalid, as it is a junior objective synonym of Hamadryas 

 Hiibner, [1806]. 



PHILOGNOMA Doubleday, 1844, List. Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1 : 112. Type-species by 

 selection by Hemming (1943, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 12 : 29) : Papilio decius Cramer, 

 [1777], Uitl. Kapellen 2 (10) : 26, pi. 114, figs A, B. 



The name Philognoma Doubleday is invalid, because it is a junior objective synonym of 

 Palla Hiibner, [1819]. 



PHILONOMA Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 78. Type-species through Section (i) 

 (replacement names) of Article 67 : Papilio aceris Esper, [1783], Die Schmett. (Bd 2) Forts. 

 Tagschmett. : 142, pi. 81, figs 35*. 4 9- 



The name Philonoma was introduced by Billberg as a replacement for Neptis Fabricius, 

 1807. This action of Billberg's was entirely uncalled-for, as Neptis is a nomenclatorially 

 available name. The name Philonoma is therefore invalid as being a junior objective synonym 

 of Neptis Fabricius. 



PHILOODUS Rambur, 1842, Faun. ent. Andal. 2 : 308. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 248) : Hesperia nostrodamus 

 Fabricius, 1793, Ent. syst. 3 (1) : 328. 



PHILOTES Scudder, 1876, Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3 : 116. Type-species by original 

 designation : Lycaena regia Boisduval, 1869, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 46. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Lycaena regia Boisduval is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older-estab- 

 lished nominal species Lycaena sonorensis Felder (C.) & Felder (R.), [1865] Reise Fregatte 

 " Novara " , Lep. Rhop. (2) : 281, pi. 35, figs 3, 4 <J. 



