GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 359 



PHIRDANA INIdore, 1883, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 : 245. Type-species by selection by 



Kirby [1884], Zool. Rec. 20) (year 1883) (Ins.) : 168) : Danais pumila Boisduval, 1859, Bull. 



Soc. ent. Fr. 1859 : clvi. 



By a First Reviser choice made in 1937 (^ e P- Cat. 78 : 135) Bryk accorded to Phirdana 



Moore precedence below the name Ravadeba Moore, 1883, published in the same paper and 



on the same date 

 PHLEBODES Hubner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : 107. Type-species by selection 



by Butler (1870, Ent. mon. Mag. 7 : 93) : Papilio pertinax Stoll, [1781], in Cramer, Uitl. 



Kapellen 4 (30) : 123, pi. 354, figs F, ('.. 

 PHLOGRIS Hubner, [1825], Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pi. [5]. Type-species by monotypy : 



Papilio melpomene Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 467. 

 The name Phlogris Hubner is invalid, as it is a junior objective synonym oi Sunias Hubner. 



PHLYARIA Karsch, 1895, Ent. Kachr. 21 : 302. Type-species by original designation : 

 Lycaena cyara Hewitson, [1876], III. cxot. Butts 5 : [88], pi. [46], figs 9, 10 <$. 



PHOCIDES Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (7) : 103. Type-species by selection by 

 Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 248) : Phocides cruentus Hubner, 

 [1819], ibid. (7) : 103 (a nominal species established as a replacement for the nominal species 

 Papilio palemon Cramer, [1777], Uitl. Kapellen 2 (11) : 54, pi. 131, fig. F), the name of which 

 is invalid under the Law of Honiimyray. 



The first of the three species Hiibner rei ngni/ed as belonging to his genus Phocides was 

 Papilio palemon Cramer, [1777]. He realized however that that name was invalid, as being 

 a junior homonym of Papilio palaemon Pallas, 1771 (Reise durch verschied. Russich. Prov. 1 : 

 471), and he accordingly introduced for Cramer's species the replacement name Phocides 

 cruentus. By an unaccountable misreading of this passage of the Verzeichniss Evans fell 

 into the error of supposing (1952, Cat. amer. Hesp. Brit. Mus. 2 : 7, 8) that the name Phocides 

 cruentus, as there published by Hubner, was a nomen nudum, and accordingly rejected as 

 invalid Scudder's selection of Phocides cruentus as the type-species of this genus. He then 

 declared that the type-species in these circumstances was Hesperia polybius Fabricius, 1793, 

 which was not even mentioned by Hiibner. He explained he took this view because "polybius 

 the next oldest name [after palemon Cramer] becomes the type". It is not necessary to pursue 

 these fallacies further, since Evans's arguments all relate to nominal species currently con- 

 sidered either to represent the same taxon or to differing subspecies of the same taxon. In 

 consequence no practical harm results from the mistakes discussed above. 



All that is necessary is therefore to note (a) that the name Phocides cruentus Hubner is a 

 nomenclatoriallv available name, (b) that it is the oldest such name objectively applicable to 

 that species, and (c) that according to subjective taxonomic ideas currently held the taxon 

 represented by the nominal species Phocides cruentus Hubner is a subspecies of the taxon 

 represented by the older-established nominal species Hesperia polybius Fabricius, 1793 (Ent. 

 syst. 3 (1) : 337). 

 PHOEBIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. behannt. Schmett. (7) : 98. Type-species by selection by 

 Butler (1873, Lep. exot. 1 : 155) : Phoebis cypris Hubner, [1819], ibid. (7) : 98 [a nominal 

 species established as a replacement for the nominal species Papilio cipris Cramer, [1777] 

 (Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9) : 5, pi. 99, figs E, F)]. 



The taxon represented by the above nominal species is currently treated subjectively on 

 taxonomic grounds as a form of the taxon represented by the older-established nominal species 

 Papilio argante Fabricius, 1775 (Syst. E>it. : 470). 

 PHOEDINUS Godman & Salvin, [1894], Biol, centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2 : 335. Type-species 

 by selection by Lindsey (1921, Univ. Iowa Studies nat. Hist. 9 (No. 4) : 35) : Eudamus 

 caicus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1869, CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 : 188. 



The name Phoedinus Godman & Salvin is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Phoedinus 

 Guerin-Meneville, 1838 (Rev. Zool. (Soc. Cuvier.) 1838 : 286). It has been replaced by the 

 name Caicella Hemming, 1934. 



