GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 375 



almost exactly the same time as its objective synonym Holodesmns Waterhouse & Lyell, 

 which was published in 1914 on 25th July. The determination of the dates of publication 

 of the various instalments of Seitz's Grossschmett. Erde is often a matter of difficulty. In the 

 present case fortunately, Messrs. Kernen, the publishers, have been able to report that 

 Lieferiing Exot. i()j, in which the name appeared, was published on 23rd July 1914 (see 

 Griffin, 1936, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 85 (10) : 272 nota). Thus, of these two names 

 Praetaxila Fruhstorfer has two days' priority over Holodesmns Waterhouse & Lyell. 



PRAMASA Moore, 1883, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 : 281. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Euploea mitra Moore, 1857, in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 

 (1) : 127. 



PRAMESTA Moore, 1883, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 : 282. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Euploea tobleri Semper, 1878, Verh. Ver. Unterh. (Heimatforsch.)_ Hamburg 3 : 106, 107. 



PRATAPA Moore, [1881], Lep. Ceylon 1 (3) : 108. Type-species by original designation : 

 Amblypodia deva Moore, 1857, in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 

 (1) : 46. 



PRAXIS Mabille, 1889, Le Naturaliste (2) 3 : 25. Type-species by monotypy : Praxis quadrata 

 Mabille, 1889, ibid. (2) 3 : 25. 



The name Praxis Mabille is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Praxis Guenee, 1852 

 (Roret's Suite a Buff on), L6pid. 7 : 28, and also of Praxis Adams (H.) & Adams (A.), 1858 

 (Gen. recent Mollusca 2 : 522). It has been replaced by the name Xispia Lindsey, 1925. 



PRECIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (3) : 33. Type-species by selection by 



Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 256) : Papilio octavia Cramer, 



[1777], Uitl. Kapellen 2 (12) : 60, pi. 135, figs B, C. 

 PRENES Scudder, 1872, 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. 1871 : 81. Type-species by original 



designation : Hesperia panoquin Scudder, 1863, Proc. Essex Inst. 3 : 178. 



The name Prenes Scudder is invalid, as it is a junior homonym of Prenes Gistl, 1848 (Nat. 



Thierr. : x). It has been replaced by the name Panoquina Hemming, 1934. 



PREPONA Boisduval, [1836], (Roret's Suite a Buffon), Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gen. Lepid. 1 : 

 pi. 7 ( = pi. 3B), Type-species by monotypy : Nymphalis demodice Godart, [1824], 

 Ency. mith. 9 (1ns.) (2) : 408. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Nymphalis demodice Godart is currently 

 treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the 

 older-established nominal species Potamis laertes Hiibner, [181 1], (Samml. exot. Schmett. 

 1 : pi. [70]). 



PRESTONIA Schaus, 1920, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 57 (No. 2307) : 109. Type-species by 

 monotypy : Prestonia clarki Schaus, 1920, ibid. 57 (No. 2307) : 109. 



There has been considerable discussion as to the identity of the taxon represented by the 

 nominal species Prestonia clarki Schaus. Brown (1929, Amer. Mus. Novit. No. 368 : 13) and 

 later Klots (1933, Ent. amer. (n.s.) 12 (3) : 152, 181) took the view that the type-specimen of 

 this nominal species is an individual form of the taxon represented by the nominal species 

 Papilio argante Fabricius, 1775 ; under this view the name Prestonia became a junior sub- 

 jective synonym of Phoebis Hiibner, [1819]. Later in 1933 however Brown published a 

 further paper (Amer. Mus. Novit. No. 653 15), in which he stated that he had now been 

 enabled to study the type-specimen of Prestonia clarki and had formed the conclusion that 

 that nominal species represented a taxonomically distinct species and further that he was 

 now of the opinion that Prestonia was a taxonomically valid genus. 



PRIAMEDES Grote, 1899, Proc. amer. phil. Soc. 38 : 26 (an Incorrect Subsequent Spelling 

 of Priamides Hiibner, [1819]), Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (6) : 87. 



PRIAMIDES Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (6) : 87. Type-species by selection by 

 Hemming (1935, Entomologist 68 : 39) : Priamides hipponous Hiibner, [1819], ibid. 

 (6) : 87 [as defined by the specimen figured incorrectly under the name Papilio anchises 



