4 i6 FRANCIS HEMMING 



SPIALA Swinhoe, [1912], in Moore, Lep. ind. 10 (113) : 99. Type-species by original desig- 

 nation : Hesperia galba Fabricius, 1793, Ent. syst. 3 (1) : 352. 



SPILOTHYRUS Duponchel, 1835, in Godart, Hist. nat. Lipid. Fr. Suppl. 1 (Diurnes) : 415. 

 Type-species by designation by the Commission under its its Plenary Powers : Papilio alceae 

 Esper, [1780], Die Schmett. 1 (Bd 2) Forts. Tagschmett. : 4, pi. 51, fig. 3 $. 



The case of the name Spilothyrus Duponchel is similar in all essential respects to that 

 presented by the older name Carcharodus Hiibner, [1819]. Each of these genera was based 

 upon a misidentified type-species. In each case the species intended was the species which I 

 have termed the "Common European Mallow " butterfly, i.e. the species for which the 

 oldest available name is Papilio alceae Esper, [1780] ; in each case also the authors concerned 

 mistakenly applied to this species the name Papilio malvae Linnaeus, 1758, a name which 

 properly applies to a quite different species, namely that which is commonly known by British 

 lepidopterists as the " Grizzled Skipper " and placed in the genus Pyrgits Hiibner, [1819]. 



The circumstances in which Hiibner made this mistake in identification have been described 

 in detail in the note on the name Carcharodus. As the circumstances attending Duponchel's 

 mistake when introducing the name Spilothyrus were precisely similar, they are not repeated 

 here. It is only necessary to state at this point that throughout their respective histories 

 these names have — with occasional exceptions — been treated as objective synonyms of one 

 another, that is, as the names of genera having Papilio alceae Esper as type-species. Accor- 

 dingly, when it was decided to ask the Commission to use its Plenary Powers to validate 

 existing practice by designating Papilio alceae Esper as the type-species of Carcharodus 

 Hiibner, it was decided at the same time to ask the Commission to make a corresponding 

 type-designation for Spilothyrus Duponchel, this being necessary in order to maintain the 

 accepted practice of treating these names as synonyms of one another. The application so 

 submitted was approved by the Commission in 1935, but owing first to administrative 

 difficulties and later to the outbreak of the Second World War, Opinion 181 containing the 

 Commission's decision was not promulgated until 1947 (Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 

 2 : 589-612). Later, in its Opinion 270, promulgated in 1954 {l° c - c ^- 6 : 2 5~4°) tne Com- 

 mission completed this case by placing the generic name Spilothyrus Duponchel, 1835, as 

 interpreted by the Ruling given in Opinion 181, by which it was made a junior objective 

 synonym of Carcharodus Hiibner, [1819], on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic 

 Names in Zoology as Name No. 69. 



SPIN ANTENNA Hayward, 1953, Acta. zool. lilloana 13 : 38, figs 3, 62, 84. Type-species 

 by original designation : Satyrus tristis Guerin-Meneville, [1838], in Duperry, Voy. 

 " Coquille ", Zool. 2 (Sect. 2) 1 : 281, pi. 15, fig. 5 (on plate as Argynnis tristis). 



SPINDASIS Wallengren, 1857, K. svenska VetenshAkad. Handl., Stockholm (n.f.) 1 (1) 

 (No. 4) : 45. Type-species bv monotypy : Spindasis masilikazi Wallengren, 1857, ibid. 

 (n.f.) 2 (1) '(No. 4) : 45 . 



The name Spindasis was published by Wallengren as new on two occasions, the second 

 being in 1858 (Ofvers. VetenshAkad. Fork., Stockh., 15 : 81). 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Spindasis masilikazi Wallengren is currently 

 treated subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older- 

 established nominal species Aphnaeus natalensis Westwood, [Dec. 1851] (in Doubleday, 

 Gen. diurn. Lep. (2) : pi. 75, fig. 4 [text (loc. cit. (2) : 479) published on 4th March 1852]). 



SPIONIADES Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. (8) : 114. Type-species by selection 

 by Scudder (1875, Proc. amer. Acad. Arts Sci., Boston 10 : 270) : Papilio artemides Stoll, 

 [1782], in Cramer, Uill. Kapellen 4 (33) : 211, pi. 391, figs L, M. 



STABROBATES Moore, [1898], Lep. ind. 3 (32) : 146. Type-species by original designation : 

 Neptis radha Moore, 1857, in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy (1) : 166, 

 pi. 4a, fig. 4 6\ 



When establishingthis genus, Moore designated a type-species, but gave no generic diagnosis. 

 He made good this deficiency in the next volume ([1899], loc. cit. 4 (37) : 15). 



