GENERIC NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES 437 



published by Scudder in 1875, the name Thaites had been published by two other authors, but 

 on each ocasion it was invalid, being a nomen nudum. The authors concerned were (i) Heer 

 himself in 1861 (Recherckes Climat. Vigit. Pays Tert. (trad. C. D. Gaudin) : 205), and (ii) 

 Saporta in 1872 (Ann. Sci. nat., Paris, Bot. (5) 15 : 342). 



This name was applied by Scudder to a fossil found in the Oligocene at Aix-en-Provence. 

 It was considered by Scudder to be a Papilionid allied to Recent Genus Thais Fabricius (i.e. 

 Zerynthia Ochsenheimer, 1816). 



THALEROPIS Staudinger, 1871, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. europ. Faunengeb. 

 (2) : 17. Type-species by monotypy : Vanessa ionia Fischer de Waldheim & Eversmann, 

 1851, in Fischer de Waldheim, Entomographia Imp. ross. 5 : in, pi. 13, figs 1, 2. 



Staudinger gave no characters for this genus when he established it in 1871, but this 

 deficiency was made good in 1879 (Hoy. Soc. ent. ross. 14 : 262) when, apparently forgetting 

 the action which he had taken eight years earlier, he again introduced Thaleropis as a new 

 genus. 



THALIURA Duncan, 1837, in Jardine's Nat. Libr., Ent. 5 (Foreign Butts) : 195. Type- 

 species by monotypy : Papilio rhipheus Drury, [1773], ///. nat. Hist. 2 : index et 40). 



Duncan treated Papilio rhipheus as a butterfly but in this he was in error, for the taxon 

 represented by that nominal species is a moth. Thaliura has therefore no place among the 

 generic names of the butterflies. 



THAMALA Moore, [1879], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4) : 834. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Thamala miniata Moore, [1879], ibid. 1878 (4) : 834, pi. 52, fig. 6. 



The taxon represented by the nominal species Thamala miniata Moore is currently treated 

 subjectively on taxonomic grounds as being the same as that represented by the older- 

 established nominal species Myrina marciana Hewitson, [1863] (///. diurn. Lep., Lycaenidae 1 

 (text) : 34 ; 2 (plates) : pi. 12, fig. 13 $; pi. 16, fig. 44 $). 



THAMOLA Seitz, [1926], Grossschmett. Erde 9 : 986 (an Incorrect Subsequent Spelling of 

 Thamala Moore, [1879]). 



THAMYRIS Burmeister, 1878, Descr. phys. Rip. Argentine 5 (Lepid.) : 295 et nola (an Un- 

 justified Emendation of Tamyris Swainson, [1821]). 



Even if Thamyris Burmeister had been a Justified Emendation, it would nevertheless have 

 been invalid as being a junior homonym of Thamyris Spence Bate, 1862 (Cat. Specimens 

 Amphipodous Crust. Brit. Mus. : 335). 



THANAOS Boisduval, [1834], Icones hist. Lipid. Europ. (19/20) : 240. Type-species by 

 selection by Blanchard (1840, Hist. nat. Ins. 3 : 469) : Papilio tages Linnaeus, 1757, Syst. Nat. 

 (ed. 10) 1 : 485. 



The name Thanaos Boisduval is invalid, as it is a junior objective synonym of Erynnis 

 Schrank, 1801. 



THANATOS [Dunning & Pickard], Accentuated List Brit. Lep. : 6 (an Unjustified Emendation 

 of Thanaos Boisduval, [1834]). 



Even if TJianatos Dunning & Pickard had been a Justified Emendation, it would neverthe- 

 less have been invalid, because (as shown above) the name Thanaos Boisduval is itself invalid 

 as a junior objective synonym of Erynnis Schrank, 1801. 



THANATITES Scudder, 1875, Mem. amer. Ass. Adv. Sci. 1 : 62. Type-species by monotypy : 

 Vanessa vetula von Heyden, 1859, Palaeont. 8 : 12, pi. 1, fig. 10. 



This genus was established for a fossil found in a tertiary formation in Western Germany. 

 The species concerned was considered by von Heyden to belong to the family Nymphalidae 

 and the same view was taken in 1871 (Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep. : 179) by Kirby who placed it in the 

 genus Araschnia Hiibner, [1819]. Scudder however placed this species in the family Hesperi- 

 idae, considering this genus to be very close to Thanaos Boisduval, [1834] (i.e. Erynnis 

 Schrank, 1801). 



