SIMULIIDAE OF AFRICA 63 



1956 ; Ogata & Sasa, 1954, 1955 ; Shogaki, 1956). Of the several species of 

 subgenus Eusimulium placed in Stilboplax, Nevermannia or Eusimulium by these 

 Japanese authors only S.(E.) aureohirtum Brunetti belongs in the ruficorne-gxoup 

 proper as here defined ; this is an Indian species recorded from Japan by Ogata & 

 Sasa (1955) and from the Ryukyu Islands by Ogata (1956), but possibly misidenti- 

 fied from Japan. 



Included taxa. The group includes the following taxa from the regions 

 indicated : — 



Ethiopian Region : S.(E.) aureosimile Pomeroy ; S.(E.) buckleyi de Meillon ; 

 S.(E.) duboisi Fain ; S.(E.) fuscicorne Fain ; S.(E.) katangae Fain ; S.(E.) 

 loveridgei Crosskey [St. Helena Island] ; S.(E.) nigritarse Coquillett ; S.(E.) 

 ruficorne Macquart [also Palaearctic and Malagasy Regions]. 



Malagasy Region : S.(E.) specidiventre Enderlein [Seychelles] ; S.(E.) starmuhl- 

 neri Grenier & Grjebine [Madagascar]. 



Palaearctic Region : S.(E.) angustitarse (Lundstrom) ; S.(E.) crassicaulum 

 (Rubzov) ; S.(E.) delizhanense (Rubzov) ; S.(E.) flavipes Austen (= jerichoense 

 Smart, invalid replacement name) ; S.(E.) latigonhim (Rubzov) ; S.(E.) lund- 

 stroemi (Enderlein) ; S.(E.) montshadskii (Rubzov) ; S.(E.) subgriseum Rubzov ; 

 S.(E.) vitile (Rubzov). 



Oriental Region : S.(E.) aureohirtum Brunetti. [Probably also S.(E.) geniculare 

 (Shiraki) from Formosa (type-locality) and Japan]. 



Australasian Region : S.(E.) ornatipes Skuse (syn. biroi Enderlein). 



[Note : Simulium irakae Smart (= buxtoni Austen) from the Middle East belongs 

 in the subgenus Byssodon Enderlein and is wrongly placed by Rubzov (1959-1964 : 

 359) in his angustitar se-gvoup of Eusimulium.] 



loutetense-group. Postnotum bare. Styles simple and rounded-truncate, moderately 

 large, not noticeably produced beyond level of spinule insertion ; ventral plate large and broad, 

 without narrow median keel but usually with large slightly down-turned haired lip (Text-fig. 

 103), basal arms small and directed forwards ; parameres narrow, parameral hooks large and 

 multiple, normally 3-7 on each side ; median sclerite broad rod-like or bifurcate apically, if the 

 latter normally with thinly sclerotized area connecting the arms. Pupal gill with 4, 6 or 8 

 filaments, long and slender (if 8 arising 3 + 3 + 2). Cocoon simple or with loosely woven neck, 

 without horn-like projection. Larval antenna without secondary annulations, larval mandible 

 without supernumerary mandibular serrations. Larval postgenal cleft (where known) large and 

 pointed mitre-shape (Text-fig. 245), much longer than postgenal bridge. Larval abdomen with 

 sparse minute colourless hairs and with the ventral papillae in form of rather ridge-like swelling 

 mainly ventrolateral in position. 



This group is proposed for three Ethiopian species that Freeman & de Meillon 

 (1953 : 162-167) placed in the dentulo sum-group of Division B in their classification 

 of Ethiopian Simulium, but which appear without doubt to be assignable to the 

 subgenus Eusimulium (not to subgenus Anasolen that contains the dentulosum- 

 group proper). Freeman & de Meillon assigned these species (loutetense, ruther- 

 foordi and narcaeum) to Division B because of the multiple parameral hooks in the 

 male hypopygium, although the female terminalia, filamentous gill with 4 or 6 

 filaments, and the dorsal spine-combs on segments 6-8 (sometimes not 6) of the 



