102 R. W. CROSSKEY 



the type-species originally designated, in which case the mode of fixation is cited 

 solely as 'original designation', but the words 'and monotypy' are added in the few 

 special 'gen. n., sp. n.' situations of the kind covered by Article 68 (a) (i) of the Code. 



Specific synonyms are indented but their citations and references are dealt 

 with in the same manner as the valid names. All valid names are printed in 

 bold- face italic type and junior synonyms in non-bold italics; other invalid names 

 (incorrect subsequent spellings, nomina nuda, misidentifications, infrasubspecific 

 names, junior primary homonyms in specific names, and junior homonyms in 

 generic names) are also printed in non-bold italics. 



When a name was originally proposed for a genus but is now employed in the 

 catalogue as the valid name for a subgenus the words 'as genus' are appended in 

 parentheses after the page reference. Similarly, if a species-group name is now 

 employed in a different status from the original then the original status is indicated 

 in parentheses after the page reference, e.g. 'as var. of ruficornis\ 



Type-information. The following information is given for the primary type 

 (holotype, lectotype or neotype) of each available species-group name listed in 

 the catalogue: type-status; sex of type; type-locality; type-depository and location; 

 a statement in the form '[examined]' to show when the primary type has been 

 seen personally. 



The following points should be noted about the data on primary types. 



(i) Type-status. The primary type is cited as holotype if it is clear from the 

 original publication that only one specimen was available at the time of description 

 (whether designated in some way as 'type' or not), or if only one specimen is known 

 to exist and there is no published evidence as to how many specimens were 

 present in the type-series; and, of course, whenever a single specimen was 

 designated as type by the original author from a series of specimens. If lectotypes 

 and neotypes have been previously designated references are given to the place 

 of designation. A few lectotypes are newly designated in this work, and each 

 of these is appended 'by present designation' in the body of the catalogue. The 

 expression 'Type(s)' is used for the few cases in which the type-material is lost 

 or missing and it is not known from the original or later publications how many 

 specimens formed the original series. 



(2) Sex of type. When the actual sex of the primary type is the opposite of 

 that cited in the original description the true sex is given first and the cited sex 

 after it, in the following manner: 'Holotype <$ [not $]'. Such cases are infrequent 

 but occur now and then because of mis-recognition of sex by the earlier authors 

 (e.g. Walker, who was frequently unable to sex Tachinidae correctly). No sex is 

 cited at all in the very few instances in which no type-material has been found 

 or seen and there is no evidence of sex derivable from the original description 

 (e.g. Linnaemyia nigripalpus Tryon). 



(3) Type-locality. In the citations of type-localities the larger territorial units 

 are cited before smaller ones, with the main unit (the Australian state or territory, 

 or if extra-Australian the country or island) shown in capital letters. If the 

 true provenance of the type differs from that cited in the original description then 



