12 P. E. S. WHALLEY 



relationship of the species. The details of the genitalia will be found under each 

 species examined. The most usual form of the male genitalia is as follows : Uncus a 

 simple, elongate process ("uncus simple" in the ke}'), the tegumen unmodified, the 

 valves simple in outline without extra processes on them other than a small sclerotized 

 process near the base ("median basal process"). The juxta usually has two lateral 

 lobes and often a median plate. The gnathus is a weakly sclerotized loop usually with 

 a small median process. The sacculus is unmodified and the aedeagus is a simple 

 tube without cornuti but with a spiny vesica. Divergence from this basic pattern 

 is greatest in the Striglinae, where many modifications occur. The uncus may be 

 bifid and various reductions of the valves occur in this subfamily. Most of the 

 other subfamilies show smaller modification. The sacculus is modified in Gnathodes 

 and a process is present in the middle of the valves ("median process") of the 

 Argyrotypinae. The only modifications of the tegumen occur in Dysodia (p. 47), 

 where there is a diverticulum dorsal to the uncus. Various enlargements of the 

 gnathus occur (e. g. N. nivosa) or it may be completely lost as in most species of 

 Chrysotypus. The transtilla, which is unmodified in most species, is highly modified 

 in species of Neochrysotypus. Some variation in the shape of the juxta lobes occurs 

 (e. g. H. gangaba) and in many cases the differences in the shape of the juxta are 

 highly specific. In most species the aedeagus is unmodified but in the Argyrotypinae 

 the aedeagus has a prominent lateral process. 



There is less variation in the shape of the female genitalia than in the male genitalia. 

 In all species the anal papillae and the apodemes are short and the long extrusible 

 type of ovipositor found in the Galleriinae (Whalley, 1964b) is not found in the 

 African species although in S. suffusa the apodemes are proportionally slightly 

 longer than in the other species. In Chrysotypus the strongly folded type of anal 

 papilla is unusual and is not found in any other genus except Lelymena, and even 

 here the folding is very slight. In most species the surrounds of the ostium ("ostial 

 plate") are unmodified but in Striglina heavy sclerotization of the plates round the 

 ostium has taken place. In many species a signum is present, varying from sclerotized 

 plates (Banisia) to inward projecting spines (Hypolamprus) . In the Pachythryinae 

 a secondary sac is present on the bursa ( = corpus bursa). Small pores are also 

 present on the eighth segment of the abdomen of species of Dysodia similar to those 

 mentioned by Sattler (1967 : 15) in the Ethmiidae, but these have not been noticed 

 in other genera. 



Fig. 15. Chrysotypus dawsoni Distant. $ Genitalia, detail of ostium. 



