THYRIDIDAE OF AFRICA AND ITS ISLANDS ior 



- Small (7-10 mm wing), reddish or grey-brown, no white mark subapically. 



Male genitalia without median process on gnathus. Aedeagus with group of 

 large spines. Female with single signum ...... 2 



2 (1) Hind wing with reddish brown patch, often obscuring pattern, on inner margin. 

 Apex of juxta lobes of male pointed, median basal process strongly upturned. 

 Female with rounded patch of spines forming signum . carcealis (p. 102) 



Hind wing without dark patch, pattern clear to inner margin. Apex of juxta 

 lobes of male rounded, median basal process not upturned Female with 

 elongate patch forming signum ..... verticalis (p. 101) 



Hapana verticalis (Warren) 



(PI. 10, fig. 43; PI. 35, fig. 191; PL 57, figs 343, 344) 



Hypolamprus verticalis Warren, 1899b : 288. 

 Hypolamprus verticalis Warren; Dalle Torre, 1914 : 16. 

 Hypolamprus verticalis Warren; Gaede, 191 7 : 371. 

 Betousa verticalis (Warren) Gaede, 1929 : 495. 

 Hapana verticalis (Warren); Whalley, 1967 : 37. 



<£. Wing, 7*5-9*5 mm. Vertex reddish brown, frons white, irrorate with red, flattened 

 between eyes. Labial palps with third segment 1/3 length of second, upturned, reaching vertex. 

 Thorax reddish brown. Hind tibia with outer spur of distal pair 1/2 length of inner. Inner 

 spur of distal pair equal to length of 1st hind tarsal segment. Fore wing, pattern as in PI. 10, 

 fig. 43, reddish brown with darker brown transverse fascia. Underside paler. Vein R x dips 

 down towards R 2 then turns away toward Sc, leaving broad area between R 1 and edge of cell. 

 Hind wing, colour and pattern similar to fore wing, frequently with dark terminal margin. 

 Sc+R 1 and Rs approach but do not join. 



Genitalia q* (PI. 35, fig. 191). Lateral arms of gnathus not joined in mid-line. Number of 

 spines in aedeagus variable. Median basal process of valve with rounded upper (morpho- 

 logically posterior) margin. 



?. Wing, 9-5-iO'5 mm. Colour and pattern as male. Third segment of labial palps 1/2 

 length of second. 



Genitalia $ (PI. 57, figs 343, 344). Neck of duct swollen, ostium with few small spines. 

 Two patches of spines forming signa in bursa, these patches are variable in size. 



Discussion. Specimens of this species show variation in intensity of colour 

 and pattern. Specimens from the Cameroon have a slight difference in the shape of 

 the median basal process but are otherwise indistinguishable. These Cameroon 

 specimens are not as distinctive from the more typical H. verticalis specimens as 

 specimens of H. carcealis, where there is also a difference in the shape of the lateral 

 process of the juxta. It is probable that some subspeciation has taken place in 

 H. verticalis but at present the differences are small over the whole range and I do 

 not propose to describe new subspecies. Externally this species is practically 

 indistinguishable from H. carcealis but it can be separated by the genitalia in both 

 sexes. The female genitalia of H. verticalis show some variation in the number of 

 spines in the signum and in the size of the actual patch of spines itself. Certain 

 morphological trends were apparent but were not constant in the material examined. 

 For example the signa of the South African specimens tend to be more clearly defined 

 than other specimens. Three other specimens have a much stronger spine in the 

 signum, these come from Angola, Sierra Leone and Uganda. When more specimens 



