THE SOLDIERLESS TERMITES OF AFRICA 

 (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE) 



By W. A. SANDS 



CONTENTS 











Page 



Synopsis ........... 3 



Introduction .... 











4 



Material ..... 











6 



Methods ..... 











6 



Characters used 











6 



Multivariate similarity analysis . 











1 1 



Multivariate analyses of measurements 











25 



Text-figures .... 











32 



Phylogeny ..... 











32 



Subfamily APICOTERMITINAE Grasse" 



and Noirot 









37 



Keys to genera 











40 



Acidnotermes gen. n. . 











44 



Amalotermes gen. n. . 











47 



Astalotermes gen. n. . 











51 



Adynatotermes gen. n. 











102 



Astratotennes gen. n. . 











105 



Alyscotermes gen. n. . 











125 



Aganotermes gen. n. . 











135 



Acholotermes gen. n. . 











139 



A»iicotermes gen. n. . 











152 



Apagotermes gen. n. . 











155 



Ateuchotermes gen. n. . 











158 



Anaorotermes gen. n. . 











184 



Asagarotermes gen. n. 











187 



Anetiteotermes gen. n. 











192 



Aderitotermes gen. n. . 











222 



Adaiphrotermes gen. n. 











229 



Acknowledgements 











239 



References ..... 











24I 



Appendix ..... 











242 



Index ...... 











243 



SYNOPS 



IS 











The soldierless termites from the African continent, hitherto all included in the genus 

 Anoplotermes, are fully revised. They are shown to belong to the subfamily Apicotermitinae, 

 which is expanded to include all related forms. The subfamily Amitermitinae, in which they 

 were previously classified, becomes a junior synonym of Termitinae. Sixty species (51 new) 

 and 16 genera (all new) are recognized. Seven specific names are found to be synonymous 

 and two species previously assigned to Anoplotermes are transferred to genera in other groups 

 of termites. Keys are given to genera and species, and the phylogeny of the whole family 

 Termitidae is discussed. The classification adopted is based largely on the results of multi- 

 variate analyses of coded characters and measurements, but is modified to conform to con- 

 ventional standards where necessary. 



