56 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



Europe (widely distributed ; including Britain), Central Asia, North Africa. 



Biology. Boucek (1963 : 475) lists as hosts Syritta pipiens L. (Dipt., Syrphidae) 

 in the Caucasus region and Physiphora demandata F. (Ulidiidae) in Uzbekistan ; 

 he records that in Czechoslovakia most specimens were found associated with sheep 

 and cattle droppings in pastures. 



Spalangia fuscipes Nees 



Spalangia fuscipes Nees, 1834 : 270, $ $. 



Spalangia fuscipes Nees ; Boucek, 1963 : 439, 476-479, <J $. 



Type material. Original material presumed lost ; Boucek (1963 : 476) discussed 

 the question and erected as plesiotype of fuscipes a female from Forster's collection. 

 This author also redescribed the species and gave notes on its variation. 



Europe (not recorded from the British Isles) ; Asia Minor, North Africa. 



Biology. The only host record regarded as certain by Boucek (1963 : 477) is 

 that of Oscinella frit (L.) (Dipt., Chloropidae) in the European U.S.S.R., Bulgaria, 

 and (probably) Germany. 



CEROCEPHALINAE 



This subfamily appears to approach more closely to Spalangiinae than to any 

 other subfamily in Pteromalidae. Forster (1856) placed Cerocephala, together with 

 Spalangia, in his family Spalangoidae. Thomson (1878) included it with Theocolax, 

 Spalangia, and other genera, in his tribe Spalangiina. Ashmead (1904) placed 

 Cerocephala, Paralaesthia, and the Spalangia-gwup of genera in Pteromalidae, as a 

 subfamily Spalangiinae. L. F. Gahan (1946) proposed a new subfamily Cero- 

 cephalinae, to include Choetospila, Theocolax, Cerocephala, Theocolaxia, Paralaesthia, 

 Acerocephala, Neosciatherus, and Sciatherellus ; he gave a detailed diagnosis of the 

 subfamily and listed the characters by which it differed from Spalangiinae. Peck 

 (1963 : 599) accepted the limits of the group as defined by Gahan, but regarded it as 

 a tribe of Sphegigasterinae. Boucek {in Peck et al., 1964 : 28) accepted Cero- 

 cephalinae as a subfamily of Pteromalidae. With the latter view I agree. 



Key to European Genera 



In all the European genera the fore wing in macropterous forms has a tuft of blackish bristles 

 on the parastigma. 

 1 Antennae of female inserted about level with, of male above, the ventral 



edge of the eyes. Head in frontal view as broad as or slightly broader than 

 high, its sides not subparallel. 



Antennal funicle of female with six, of male with seven, segments. 

 Propodeum reticulate, rather dull. Gastral petiole of female transverse ; 

 of male as long as or longer than broad . CEROCEPHALA Westwood (p. 57) 

 - Antennae of both sexes inserted distinctly below the ventral edge of the eyes. 



Head in frontal view slightly higher than broad, its sides tending to be 

 subparallel (Text-fig. 34) ......... 2 



