60 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



James's Park, London, in the spring of 1832 ; whereas Westwood (1832 : classe IX) 

 explicitly stated " Mon ami J. Stephens ... a trouve un seul individu de ce joli 

 insecte pres du village de Ripley, dans le comte de Surrey en Angleterre, au mois de 

 juillet, 1827 . . . ". This supposed type in Oxford is a male of rufa (Walker) ; 

 see below. 



Sciatherus trichotus Ratzeburg. The type $ is presumed to be destroyed. It 

 was, however, examined in 1927 by Gahan who later (1946 : 358-359) published 

 some notes upon it. He concluded that it was conspecific with the male in the Hope 

 Department, University Museum, Oxford, which he regarded [erroneously, as I have 

 shown above] as the type of cornigera. This male belongs, not to cornigera 

 Westwood, but to rufa (Walker) so that if Gahan was right in regarding it as con- 

 specific with the type of trichotus Ratzeburg then the latter would be a synonym of 

 rufa. Gahan's published notes on the type female of Sciatherus trichotus, however, 

 suggest to me that it must have been conspecific with the true cornigera of 

 Westwood. This view would also agree with the interpretation of trichotus expressed 

 by Szczepanski (i960). 



The species described in detail by Russo (1938 : 206-215, <$ $) is not cornigera 

 Westwood, as supposed by Russo ; it is also probably not the same as rufa (Walker) 

 but may be either eccoptogastri Masi or an undescribed species. 



Britain, France, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Central Europe, U.S.S.R. 



Biology. Several hosts have been recorded for cornigera, e.g., by Nikol'skaya 

 (1952 : 256), but because cornigera has been misidentified by several authors, these 

 records need to be confirmed. One record which certainly refers to the true cornigera 

 recorded under the name " trichotus Ratz.", in Poland in tunnels of Leperesinus 

 orni (Fuchs) (Col., Scotylidae). Probably cornigera will prove to be parasitic on 

 several species and genera of Scolytidae. 



Cerocephala rufa (Walker) 



Epimacrus ru/us Walker, 1833 : 369-370, $. 



Cerocephala cornigera Walker, 1834 : J 49> ex parte [nee Westwood, 1832]. 



Cerocephala cornigera Szczepanski, i960 : 417-418, 420-421, figs. 1, 3 [nee Westwood, 1832]. 



Cerocephala rufa (Walker) Graham, 1967a : 77-78. 



Type material. Lectotype (probably holotype) $ in G. T. Rudd coll., Yorkshire 

 Museum, York, England ; it stands below a label " 588 b CEROCEPHALA West." 

 and above another label " 2 cornigera West, rufus Walk." . Walker (1833 : 370) 

 stated that Epimacrus rufus had been " taken near Stockton-upon-Tees, by the Rev. 

 G. T. Rudd " but did not state whether Rudd had more than one specimen ; it 

 seems likely, however, that the one designated lectotype is the holotype. 



Walker (1834 : 149) placed rufus in synonymy with Cerocephala cornigera 

 Westwood, mentioning, incidently that cornigera had been taken " by Mr. Lewis, 

 near London " ; this undoubtedly refers to the male in the Hope Department which 

 was erroneously supposed by Gahan to be the type of cornigera. This synynomy 

 was subsequently accepted without comment until I rediscovered the missing type 

 of rufus and showed that it represented a valid species. 



